\\ OROQB \rill.' SKETCH OF KOREA 



Kal-lan , and the high hinterland the Sol-bin S) Land, the latter 

 approximately coinciding with the often-mentioned Eas1 Kai-ma. 

 The only highway to Vladivostok runs along the coasl where one 

 must cross the Ham-koal-lyöng 3) , Ma-ul-lyöng 4) , and Ma-thyöl-lyöng"' 

 between Ham-heung and Syöng-jin. These three passes are on 

 independent ridges which go through Easl Kai-ma, and probably also 

 through the Upper Sungari in the Trans-Chyang-pàïk Mountains. 

 Their direction* approximately coincide with the general trend of the Thai- 

 Päik-san ; but I believe their upheaval dates far hack in time a* compared 

 with the mountains of South Korea. 



ii. The Työlc-yu-ryöng Ridge. — -Starting at about the same point 

 as the preceding with similar geologic structure and approximately in 

 parallel orientation, this ridge passes through Yong-kol-san 6) and 

 Syü-rim-chin 7) (100m.), the above-mentioned O-jä-ryöng (510m.) and 

 Chhya-ryöng (635m.) near the American mines of Un-san, then 

 through Ku-hyon S) and Työk-yu-ryöng 9) (970m.); the last lies on 

 the main road from the southern Phvon^-an Do to lvanff-£yöi 10) which 

 is the center of commerce and the headquarters of troops, of the 

 middle Am-nok G-ang. Kang-gyöi is comparatively speaking a busy 

 town and claims an important commercial position in northern Ilam- 

 gyong Do, as Hoi-ryong n) does for the upper Tu-man Gang. In East 

 Kai-ma Land the ridge forms Yön-hoa-san I2) and Syöl-mäi-ryöng 13 ' 

 (1,400m.) of Chyang-jin 1 ", apparently becoming lower towards the 

 Sam-syu 15) district. 



6) Si-i-m 



f j) ikmm 

 i2) iàim 



15) H7h. or Three Waters, bo oamed as it lies in the regi »n a' the junction of the àin-nok, 

 Hö-chhyön and Chyang-jin rivers 



