36 ART. I'.— B. KOTÔ : 



I do not know its eastern prolongation as it is hidden in the 

 impenetrable forest of basalt-mesa on the upper course of the Tu-man 

 Gang. We see in the hilly land of Yuk-chin a ridge running north- 

 eastwards from Pu-ryöng to Ung-geui-pho 2:) (Audacious Cove). This 

 is the Chhyöng-balioi^ ridge, and may be looked upon as a continuation 

 of the long Työk-yu-ryöng "Ridge. 



iii. The Kal-eung-nyöng Piiclge. — The third and the last ridge of 

 flic Liau-tung direction in the Kai-ma Land bounds the hydrographie 

 basin of the Am-nok and Tu-man rivers on the south, from which 

 the uplifted block descends slowly in the undulating folds of gneiss. 

 The ridge can not be recognized as such from the plateau, but is 

 easily seen from the basin-region. 



The ridge proceeds from 0k-gang 4) on the Am-nok Gang through 

 Mang-nyöng 5) , Oan-hang-nyong 6) (640m.) of Chhyang-syong 7) , 8am- 

 chhäi-ryöng 8) (810m.) of Chho-san n) , and passes over the gorge of 

 Syang-chhyöng 10 ' on the south of Kang-gyöi. Then it touches the 

 pass of A-deung-nyöng 1l) between Kang-gyöi and Chyang-jin, and 

 continues to Kal-eung-nyöng l2) , crossing the upper Am-nok river at 



1) The low mountainous tract at the north-east corner of Ham-gyöng Do, partially 

 enclosed by the outcurve of the Tu-uian Gang, is popularly called Yuk-chin (ysfiftSSl^/)- The 

 region was the source of troubles under the Ku-ryö dynasty. The Orangkkais (TCKBp) or Kö- 

 chin (Niichôn •^cjïl) barbarians often made inroads into this side of the Tu-man Gang from their 

 home, lying between Chyang-päik-san and Hei-lung Kiang (the Amur), sometimes incorporat- 

 ing Ham-gyöng Do in their own domain. Syöi-song, the fourth King (1418-1449) of the pre- 

 sent dynasty, recovered all that had been lost and established six military stations or chins 

 along the great curve of the Tu-man Gang. They are Kyöng-heung (Ig®), Kyöng-uön (j&iM), 

 On-syöng {Wfà)< Chyong-syöng (M.fâ), Hoi-ryöng (■§[$£) and Pu-ryöng ("§£$£). At a later time 

 Mu-san (jgllj) was added to them. Hence the region within the outcurve of the river and 

 Kyöng-syöng (ütyjS) is designated Yuk-chin or Six Military Stations. At remote times it went 

 under the name of Mäi-ku-ru (MÜSÄ?) 



2) «ggiffi- 



3) V'f *î or blue rock is a vertical reef, running across the river-bed, ."> kilometers south 

 of Pu-ryöng. It is a dyke-rock in gneiss-granite oriented in thc-same direction as the trend of 

 the ridge. The rock is a red, compact quartz-porphyry and not a blue one. 



4) 3rZL 5) $$. G) g£ft. 



7) £* 8) H«. .9) ©UJ 



io) fàfê h) -3Hm l-> 



