W ORO rR A I'M h ' 8KETCH OF KOBE \ 



Chhyung-thyöl-lyöng 1} , where the Duck's Green river makes a deep 

 gorge. En its further course I know nothing aboul it, though the 

 already-mentioned Chhyöng-bahoi ridge in Yuk-chin indicates some 

 connection with it in regard to the orientation of mountains. 



At the north-east corner of Ham-ffvong Do, in l he so-called 

 Yuk-chin district which comes in direct contact with the Russian 

 Littoral territory, is a ridge which I have already mentioned — the 

 Chhyöng-bahoi. There are still two others worthy of mention which 

 I recognized during my journey there. 



</) One «harp ridge — the Mu-san-nyön^ with south scarp comes 

 from the famous Paik-tu-san in almost equatorial direction through 

 Mu-san, and the Mu-san-nyöng pass ; the latter lies bet ween Hoi- 

 ryöng and Pu-ryöng. In its further course it goes through Chyön- 

 nyöng 3) and just before Kyöng-heung crosses the Tu-man Gang to the 

 east at the boundary of Manchuria and Primorsk. 



b) The other ridge — the Chyang-ji-bong, 4) of the same geologic 

 structure, runs on the north side of the Tu-man (Jang in the neutral 

 district of Kan-to, 6) and crosses the meridional course ot the river at 

 the north of Hoi-ryöng, culminating at Chyang-ji-bong near Hang- 



i) 'M7Ï& 2 ) M£- 



3) fcg. 4) Ê5**- 



5) We were accustomed till a few years ago to see on the maps of China a long belt of 

 neutral territory on the west of the Aiu-nok Gang, and the Korean Gate in the palisade near 

 Föng-hwang-tchön marked the true eastern limit of South Manchuria. At present this ter- 

 ritory is in acta absorbed by China and has disappeared forever from the map. The Duck's 

 Green river forms now the international boundary. This side is inhabited by the white-clothed 

 Koreans, the opposite side by the blue-clothed Chinese. 



We have still a relic of such a territory in the region of the ten-thousand wab 

 On-syöng one finds a great tributary-river joining the Tu-man Gang. This rises in Päik-tu- 

 san, and in its course receives the name Hai-ran-ha (ÎJSMM) <>r the Boundary river. On its 

 north side is the high basaltic plateau of Kirin. The basalt-mesa Lying between this river and 

 the Tu-man Gang embraces an extensive area, 120 kilometers long and 60 kilometers wide, and 

 equals in size that of Yuk-chin. This region is called the Intervening Island or Kan-to, and in 

 former times it was entirely without inhabitants and was kept strictly as a neutral territory. 

 Lately, however, under the pressure of the Russian advance toward the south the Chine 

 the Koreans have settled there and are living together; so trouble often arises between the 

 two countries as to the «government ot its inhabitants. 



