42 AKT. ] ,— B. KOTO: 



known land-mark which separates the north Ham-gyöng Do from the 

 south. This and the other side are respectively called Nam-koan (1 

 and Peuk-koan 2) , i.e. the south and the north of the gate. I have 

 met with it on the way from Kap-san 3) to Kil-jyu 4 - ) , in the form of 

 gneiss (the axis of schistosity N. 30° W., and vertical) in the celebrat- 

 ed gold field in the canyon-like Tai-dong 5) valley of Tan-chhyön 6; . 

 A geologic cliff by the name of Tu-ryu-san 7) , 2,421 meters high. 

 raising its head from the basalt-mesa, points out the direction in 

 which the ridge runs in the high, lava-drowned flat 8) . 



As above stated, I have no local knowledge of the upper Tu- 

 man Gang ; yet if the line be traced northwards, it would touch the 

 water-divide of Hyüi-san-nyöng and finally reach the volcano of Päik- 

 tu-san. Should my supposition prove to be right, then the crater would he 

 located at the intersection of the two tectonic lines. 



The three ridges, which I have just treated in general outline, 

 have the trend in the Thai-Päik-san direction, yet their peculiar 

 characteristics prevent them from being classed together in the same 

 group. Starting from the magisterial town of Ham-heung, north of 

 Won-san, toward the pass of Hoang-chho-ryong, we find ourselves 

 walking upon the ground of a whitish, coarse, crushed granite whose 

 schistose axis runs at first in the Sinian direction 10 (S.W. — N.E.) till 

 the foot of the pass is reached. Then the axis suddenly changes' to 

 the Liau-tung direction on the pass. From here to Chyang-jin for a 

 two day's march the pressed axis of the rock is oriented north-south with 

 westerly trend within a few degrees (less than 20°), which coincides with 

 that of the Thai-Päik-san. 



i) i» 2) » 3) tptü- 



4) 3*H - r ,) *M See PI. II, Pig. 2. 6) Jgji|. 



7) ^Hfôlll S) Se<> PL IT. Pig. 1. :i) It is the Main«;-jyu-nyöiio; Ridge. 



