\\ OROGRAPHIC BKETCB OF KOR1 \ [Q 



I believe this is the primary structure, as is evinced from ex- 

 tended, black secretionary patches and also excretionary, coarse, 

 tourmaline-bearing aplite. May not this structure have been caused 

 by the active flow of sofi rock after the fashion of an ice-sheet, or by 

 a passive movement during the folding of the crust? The two 

 ridges, — the Ham-koîil-lyong and the Ma-thyöl-lyöng, — arc no doubt 

 crests of the pressed granite. Between Kap-san and Kil-jvu the com- 

 pressed rock is overlaid discordantly by phyllite and limestones which 

 are in turn covered by flat basalt-flows". From the mode of occurrence 

 of the fundamental rock I am forced to conclude thai the crusta] 

 movement took place in a very old period, and therefore thai it has 

 lost its topographic significance. These ridges should have their 

 prolongation in the Sea of Japan, unless they be cul down to the 

 abyssal bottom by the later Liau-tung ridges. 



The meaning of these ridges and of the pressed planes of gneiss- 

 granite in East Kaima is not clear to my mind ; and the difficulty of 

 deciphering their import becomes to me a constant stumbling block 

 in my attempts at reconstructing the geological history of the 

 peninsula. 



The geologic axis of the gneiss-granite coincides with that of the 

 Korean system, but it may not be identical with the axis which prevails in 

 the Thai-Päik-san range. F. von Richthofkn s) repeatedly speaks of an 

 old geologic line in Shan-tung, running N.N.W. to S.S. F., and this 

 seems to have something: to do with that which 1 have observed in 

 East Kai-ma. It may perhaps represent the fourth line of W. Prinz's 

 torsion-course 3) . 



It must be specially remarked that this highly significant line of 

 geologic structure was not noticed in West Kai-ma. excepting in a 



1) See PI. II, Fig. 1. 2) « Schantung ', 8. 53. 



3) Annuaire df V Observatoire Royale de Bruxelles, 1891. 



