48 ART.'l.— B. KOTO- 



parallel to the preceding, but with a south scarp, through Syung-hoa- 

 san ]) and Thyön-syön-san, 2) the latter is clearly seen from the British 

 mine. I have crossed it at Mi-reuk-kokai 3) (300 m.) on the way to 

 Tök-chhyön.' The ridge probably proceeds toward Wön-san and 

 forms the boundary of Phyöng-an Do and Ham-gyöng Do. A low 

 series of hills belonging to this line, is also observed along the coast, 

 west of the Chhyong-chhyön Gang which is greatly deflected in its 

 upper course by this ridge. 



vii. The Tu-kai Pàâgc. — This is the last and the northernmost 

 of the series, presenting a somewhat anomalous situation in regard to 

 its trend. It runs rather in the Liau-tung direction from Kai- 

 chhyön 5) eastwards, and I have crossed it at the ottrelite-schist pass of 

 Tu-kai-kokai 6) , north of Tök-chhyön. 



viii. The Maing-jyu Ridge.— This short but remarkable ridge is 

 met with at the east end of the preceding, stretching in the Sinian 

 direction. It forms the boundary of Phyöng-an and Ham-gyöng, and 

 also the water-parting between the Chhyöng-chhyön Gang and the 

 east coast. The crushed-granite pass of the Mäing-jyu-nyÖng 7) lies on 

 this mountain, and is one of the principal roads leading from Yöng- 

 heung 8) to Yüng-uön^. 



ß) Lengthwise series. 



Corresponding to the seven crosswise ridges just mentioned,' we 

 have an equal number of lengthwise ones which trend in the Korean 

 direction, but they can not easily be brought into harmony with the 

 Thai-Pâik-san Bange. They seem in a great measure to determine the 

 coast line of the western shore of Korea. There are four principal and. 



i) miW 2) ^fiiiiü 3) 



4) OJi|. 5) ffr;i|. 6) H-frW 



7) aw»- s) *w- in $st- 



