AN (UÎOUIÏAIMHO SKiriVII OK KOREA. 49 



three secondary lengthwise ridges, which, when counted from the west, 



are the following : — 



i. The Ku-uol-san Ridge. — From Kang-nyong ÏJ in Hoang-häi Do, 

 a ridge runs northwards through Mi-reuk-kokäi 2) to Song-ku-san, 8J 

 the counterpart of Ku-uol-san. It reappears in the celebrated gneiss- 

 mountain of Ku-uol-san 4) which is tilted up on its east side with ;i 

 gradual slant to the west. After a short course it disappears in Korea 

 Bay, coming up again at Thybl-san, whence it follows the east side of 

 the Wi-jyu highway. 



ii. The Châ-mo Ridge. — Starting from Yon-an :>) at the mouth of 

 the Han river, this ridge runs parallel to the preceding, and crosses 

 the highway of Phyong-yang at Köm-syu-yök. 6) It lowers at the 

 east of Phyöng-yang, becoming again a little higher at Ko-bang-san, 

 and proceeds to An-jyu past the Chä-mo Castle. 7) In West Kai-ma it 

 goes through the west of Un-san and Tong-chhang, 8) probably crossing 

 the Am-nok on the west of Pyok-dong. 9) 



iii. The Yuk-chyang Ridge." ° — Starting at the mouth of theYoi- 



syöng Gang, n> this ridge likewise goes northwards, crossing the high- 

 way at Chhya-yu-ryong 12) and stretching to Yuk-Chyang-kokäi at the 

 boundary of Phyöng-an and Hoang-häi Do. Its northern prolonga- 

 tion may be traced through Kang-dong, Eun-san, and Kai-chhyon. l3) 

 The northern arm of the Tai-dong Gang flows southward between this 

 and the Cha-mo ridge. In Wes1 Kai-ma it passes on the east of Yong- 

 byön and crosses the Am-nok between Pybk-dong and A-i-jin. HJ 



iv. The Mat-mod Ridge. — This is the most important ridge in the 

 Paleo-Chyo-syön Land. Beginning at Syong-ak and Tai-heung-san 16) 



i) mm- -) m* 3 ) &&& 



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inj *» in fàmt. 12) uLfâst. 



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