der niederen Thiere während der J. 1866—1867. 279 



Antipathiden^ 4 Astraeideii (mit Ocutina arbuscula Ag. 

 und Oo. implicaia Ag. nn.). 



Die neuen Genera werden folgendermaassen charakterisirt : 

 Titanideum Ag. Corallum irregularly dichotomous or 

 simple, coenenchyma rather thick, suberous, very spiculose, traver- 

 sed by well-developed longitudinal ducts arranged in a simple series 

 around the axis. Cells disposed on all sides of the branches, not 

 prominent. Axis perfectly distinct from the coenenchyma, compact, 

 but soft, cork-like, composed of closely united calcareous spicula. 

 Hieher T. (Briareum) suberosum Dana. 



Aulactinia Ag. (Fam. Phyllactiniae). Base adherent, but 

 capable of distension ; column elongated, moderately contractile, and 

 capable of involving the tentacles and disk with its summit, but 

 not of contraction into a low cone; upper part covered with pro- 

 minent, adherent Verrucae or suckers arranged in vertical rows, 

 the uppermost one in each row situated just below the tentacles ; 

 larger than the others, trilobed, the lobes again subdivided on their 

 lower sides ; wall near the margin thickened into a fold. Tentacles 

 numerous, subequal, well developed. Mouth with a fold at each 

 angle, one of which is considerabely the largest. Internal lamellae 

 well develoj)ed, much narrowed near the base, thickened above with 

 streng longitudinal muscles, which save to contract the disk and 

 tentacles. The walls are thin, leathery, or parchment-like, and but 

 slightly muscular; digestive sac short and thick; ovaries attached 

 to the Upper part of the lamellae. 



Bei Beschreibung der Astraeiden macht unser Verf. (p. 38) den 

 Vorschlag, die bisher davon abgetrennten Oculiniden mit denselben 

 zu einer gemeinschaftlichen Gruppe zu vereinigen, die dann nach 

 Ausschluss der Turbinoliden am besten in die fissiparen Formen 

 (mit den Eusmilinen, Lithophyllinen und Mäandrinen) und gemmi- 

 paren (mit den Styliniden, Asträinen, Stylophorinen, Oculiniden) 

 getheilt werden könnten. Die Unterschiede zwischen den Lithophyl- 

 linen und Mäandrinen, die bei Milne Edwards zusammengehören, 

 werden folgendermassen ausgedrückt : LühophylUnae have the edges 

 of the septa divided into streng teeth or spines, without pali- 

 form lobes ; disk level with the top of the cells ; tentacles surmoun- 

 ting the top of the septa, short, conical, numerous. (Hieher Mussa, 

 Isophyllia etc.) Maeandrinae (including Maeandrina , Manicina, 

 Hydrophora, Tridacophyllia etc. together with Faviaceae). In these 

 the septa have their edges fmely toothed or crenulate, with a pa- 

 liform lobe toward the base. The small tentacles are placed at 

 the top of this paliform lobe, and the disk extends across the 



