xii DEPARTMENT OF TEE NAVAL SERVICE 



rough introductory survey of those Canadian waters which I was later able to study 

 in closer detail, it may perhaps not be out of place to give some of the leading features 

 here. 



Fig. 1 shows a temperature and salinity section from the Sargasso sea to New- 

 foundland. " At stations 64 and 65^ we see the vast layer, with a salinity of over 35 

 per thousand and high temperature down to considerable depths, the same as found 

 bj us over the whole distance from away beyond the Canary islands. 



" On our way north from station 64 on 2'8th June we saw patches of Sargasso weed 

 all the morning, and numbers of flying fish, about 10 centimetres long, started up 

 in front of our boAvs. This led us to believe that we should capture the same forms 

 as before, when we lowered our pelagic appliances in the evening at station 66. Great 

 was our astonishment, therefore, to discover next morning on hauling in our appli- 

 ances that the catches mainly consisted of true " boreal ". plankton, that is to say, 

 animal forms which we were accustomed to get in the so-called extension of the 



Newfoundland bank 



atat7Z 71 70 



Cargasso Sea 



3-88-34 96 



3 7 2-3^ "-i 



Fig. 1. Hydrographical Section from the Sargasso Sea to the Newfoundland Bank. 

 Gulf Stream in the ISTorweg^an sea right up to the very shores of Sitsbergen. There 

 was the amphipod Euthemisto, the copepod Eucliceta, and " whale's food " (the ptero- 

 pod Clione limacina) , large quantities of which are met with from time to time in the 

 waters between Spitsbergen and the north of Norway. This last is not an " arctic " 

 form, that is, it is not associated with polar water in the Norwegian sea, but on the 

 contrary is found in Atlantic water to the south of Iceland, according to Danish 

 observations. It seems, however, to be associated with the northern portion of the 

 Atlantic and the Atlantic water that enters the Norwegian sea. These animal forms 

 were entirely absent during the whole of our cruise from the Canary islands to 

 station 64, so that their occurrence at station 66, where lower temperatures were 

 recorded at no great depth beneath the surface, is very significant. 



1 hoc. cit. 



