34 DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVAL SERVICE 



stations, we find close to land (Stations 3 and 4) very few larvae; only one or two 

 specimens of the arctic species Anarrliiclias latifrons and MaUotvs villosus; moving 

 out over the banks, we encounter DrepanopseUa and Gaclus callarias, with some few 

 ova of Onos cimbrius, besides some arctic fish, viz., Icelus hicornis and Agonus de- 

 cagonus. At station 9, near the edge, G. callarias and DrepanopseUa are again less 

 numerous ; we find, however, instead, the young of Sehastes marinus. Stations 10, 11 

 and 12 above banks east of Anticosti reveal once more a true bank fauna, Drepanop- 

 seUa and G. callarias. 



Stations 13 and 14, up towards Labrador, furnished but a poor yield; the stations 

 nearer Newfoundland, however, are a^ain seen to be rich in eggs of DrepanopseUa and 

 G. callarias, with some few Sebastes in the vicinity of the deeper channels. Here, on 

 the slope towards Newfoundland, lie the richest stations of the whole cruise; stations 

 17 and 18, for instance, furnished each over 1,000 cod eggs in surface hauls alone, 

 besides a considerable number of DrepanopseUa ova. Moving southward along the 

 coast, the hauls are still rich as regards these species, and at station 19, close in to land, 

 we encounter, for the first time, ova of the southerly form Ctenolahrus adspersus. 

 Above tlie deep channel in Cabot Strait, Sebastes predominated. Not until station 

 24 is reached do we again meet with the banks fauna, G. callarias and DrepanopseUa, 

 which are thenceforward of common occurrence throughout the remainder of the cruise 

 back to Prince Edward Island. The last stations, south of Cabot strait, also furnished 

 quite a respectable yield of newly-spawned mackerel eggs, which was not a little sur- 

 prising in view of the fact that the hauls made but a few days previously on the 

 opposite side of Prince Edward Island had yielded nothing but more or less arctic 

 species. 



The August cruise of the Princess (vide chart, p. 4) covered, roughly speaking, 

 the same ground as the first. Close m to land, the yield consisted mainly of eggs and 

 young of Onos and Ctenolahrus, until we reach the banks, when cod and mackerel 

 make their appearance. These latter increased in numbers as the outward voyage pro- 

 ceeded, the Onos and Ctenolahrus gradually disappearing. Above the deep channel, 

 Sebastes predominates; some few mackerel larvae were also found. On the Anticosti 

 bank, we find cod eggs once more, and the same alternation of cod above the banks, 

 Sebastes over the channels, is continued all the rest of the way to Newfoundland, and 

 thence southward to Prince Edward Island. Station 45, however, near the southwest 

 point of Newfoundland, also furnished a rich yield of the arctic species Mallotiis 

 villosus, evidently indicating the existence of a cold current near at hand; on the 

 southern side of Cabot strait, however, eggs of mackerel and Ctenolabrxis were again 

 encountered. 



As will be seen from the foregoing, the gulf of St. Lawrence may be divided up 

 into several zones, each with its own characteristic young-fish fauna. In the first 

 place, a line drawn from Cabot strait to Anticosti will form the northern limit of 

 occurence for the southern forms found in the gulf, such as mackerel, Onos and Cteno- 

 lahrus. Only at one or two of the more southerly stations situated near the coast of 

 Newfoundland were some few specimens of these species found. 



Northern species, however, may also be found south of this line, occurring more 

 particularly in the southwestern portion of the gulf, ^ west of the Magdalen islands. 

 For the rest, the character of the young fauna varies with^ the depth; we find Ctenola- 

 brus and Onos near land, and close to quite shallow banks, tlie bank forms consisting 

 fo G. callarias and DrepanopseUa, while above the deep channels Sebastes is found. 

 The mackerel, again, is encountered throughout all areas, subject to the restriction 

 noted above. 



B. The waters orxsroE Nova Scotia axd the Newfoundland Banks. 



The cruises of the Acadia (vide chart, p. 4) reveal a similar grouping of the 

 different species, according to depth, distance from land, and geographical position. 



