CANADI.W FISUEHII.s EX I'EhlTION, JDUf-lS 477 



this species is characteristic of arctic and antarctic seas. In our region it may be con- 

 sidered the typical form of the deep boreal water next the banks. On the first cruises 

 during May and June it occurred at Acadia station 5, inside Sable isUnid, generally 

 in the deep water examined off the mouth of the Laurentian channel, up the channel 

 in Cabot strait (Acadia station 35) and far up the channel in the deep water between 

 Anticosti and Gaspe (No. S3 station 23). It is doubtless present in all the central 

 deep parts of the St. Lawrence gulf. Our other hauls in this area were too shallow 

 to obtain it. The distribution in July and August, as shown in fig. 12, was similar, 

 with the gulf hauls again too shallow except at one station (Princess station 34). It 

 is again present in the Laurentian channel and at its mouth, as well as along the outer 

 side of Sable island bank and in the deep water between that bank and Halifax and 

 in the Bay of Fundy. In both cruises it is definitely absent over the banks south of 

 Newfoundland, over the banks north of Sable island (rare in the gullies or fjords — 

 Acadia station 67, one specimen), as well as in the shallow parts of the gulf and close 

 olong the Nova Scotia shore. It is therefore absent from the cold coastal water. This 

 is well shown by its absence in the Bay of Islands (No. 33 stations 57 and 69), where 

 there is a depth of as much as 150 fathoms, but with water of low salinity and low 

 temperature all the way to the bottom. 



Its outer limit of distribution was not reached on the May-June cruises, (though 

 it was rare at stations 15 and 16) but in the July- August cruises it was plainly 

 demonstrated. It failed entirely at the typical Gulf Stream stations (Acadia stali<.ns 

 41-(45, 56, and 75) except the most northerly one (74), as well as at some of the inter- 

 mediate southern stations (Acadia stations 38-40 and 46). The hauls of the Prince 

 in September show that it occurs in all the deeper parts of the Bay of Fundy. Bigelow 

 found it in July-August, 1913, in all the deeper parts of the gulf of Maine and under 

 the edge of the Gulf Stream, but never at the surface. 



The absence of any connection being shown between its distribution off the Nova 

 Scotia coast and in the gulf of Maine is apparently owing to the prcssino- in of the 

 Gulf Stream close against the continental shelf (Acadia station 41), and also owing 

 to the hauls at this point not being deep enough to get below the Gulf Stream. Tbis 

 phenomenon of the sinking of the species to lower levels as we pass out inln tb" Gelt 

 Stream is very well shown in the records. At Acadia station 72, three individuals were 

 obtained in the shallow vertical haul (55-0 metres), and 72 in tlie deep vertical haul 

 (325-0 metres). At station 74 there were none in the shallow haul, but thirty-three in 

 the deep haul. At station 75 there were none in either haul. At stations 52 and 58 

 on the continental shelf it was obtained in hauls from 90 and 180 metres, respectively. 

 At stations 54, 55 and 57 it occurred in fair numbers in the vertical hauls from 2'70 

 metres, but not in the vertical hauls from 125 and 90 metres. And at station 56 it 

 was not present even in the deep haul from 375 metres. The gradation in size as we 

 pass into warm water is equally distinct. For the same depth, the individunl-s beenn^e 

 distinctly smaller as we pass to warm water. At station 72 the proportion of small to 

 large (those under and those over 15mm.) was 5 to 1. At station 74 for a similar haul 

 it was 15-5 to 1, and at the same time the maximum size changed from 23mm. to 21mni. 

 Off Sable Island bank the stations taken in order of their nearness to the continental 

 shelf show the followintr for similar haids (270-0 metres) : Station 54. twentv-nine 

 specimens with a maximum size of 16 mm. ; station 57, twenty with a maximum of 

 13 mm.; station 55, five with a maximum of 11 mm.; and station 56, none. There is 

 a decrease in maximum size as well as in the number taken. Although the records 

 are framentary this species is seen to resemble others in that the younger individuals 

 are to be found in the upper, warmer water, as described by Broch and Fowler for this 

 species. 



The records are too incomplete to show where the centre of abundance was during 

 the earlier cruises, but it must have been north of Acadia station 16. between that 

 point nnd tlie eontiiuMital shelf, as shown by the numbers at stations 14 and 17. the 



