C.I.V.4/>/.^.Y FfSlfKh'IKS F.XrKniTloy, 191 ',-15 



479 



The absence of this species generally in the hauls from 130 metres to the surface 

 in the gulf on the August cruise of the Princess and its occurrence in such a haul at 

 Princess station '.'A indicates an upwelling of the deep boreal oceanic water at that 

 point. 



The definite separation of this species from S. elegant in vertical distribution as 

 seen at No. 33, station 23, shows that they belong to waters of different salinities. 

 Where they occur together in mixed water, as south of Sable island or in the Bay of 

 Fundy, E. hamata is to be found only in small numbers, showing that this mixed 

 water is not suitable for it. 



To the south of our area, Bigelow, (1915, p. 297) has found this species in the 

 deeper parts of the gulf of Maine and along the edge of the continental shelf as far 

 south as Chesapeake bay in July-August, 1913. Its outer limit was, however, nnt 

 determined. It decreased in quantity to the south, 



Apstein (1911, p. 174) for European waters gives its distribution as similar to 

 that of S. maxima, but occurring regularly in the iSTorwegian channel; and in the 

 Skager-Rack, where it was abundant, it occurred at the surface, but was most abun- 

 dant in the depths. This is quite similar to the conditions on our coast, where it 

 passes landward up the deep gullies, and much farther than does S. maxima. 



(./') Krohnitta subtilis (Grassi). 



1911. ]iitt(>r-Zahony. p. .32. 



"Acadia". 



A single specimen of this species was obtained at station 4-t, the southernmost 

 station of the second cruise of the Acadia, in an open-net vertical haul from 270 

 metres (fig. 1, vertical dotted lines). It is a tropical species occurring chiefly in th(? 

 raesoplankton; according to Eitter-Zahony, chiefly in the lower epiplankton and upper 

 mesoplankton ; according to Fowler (1906, p. 74), and according to Michael (1913, p. 

 35), chiefly between 200 and 250 fathoms (none above 50 fathoms). Fowler gives its 

 most northerly record in the Atlantic as 60° 12' X., 22^ 56' W. 



(GENERAL SUMMARY OF DISTHIBFTIOX, 



In sununarizing the distribution of the Chaetognaths it will bo well to review 

 briefly the principal features of the region covered. 



The general topography as shown in the charts is too well known to require 

 description. The submarine physiography has been described by J. W. Spencer {see 

 chapter ix of Sub-Oceanic Physiography of the North Atlantic Ocean, by E. Hull, 

 London, 1912; and Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. xiv, 1903, p. 207). The main feature 

 is the submerged Laurentian valley cutting across the middle of the St. Lawrence gulf 

 and passing out to the open ocean through Cabot strait aiad between St. Pierre bank 

 and Banquereau. We have referred to this as the Laurentian channel. Another 



