iv TABLE OF CONTENTS 



Page. 



Fig. 27. Vertical air blast against surface of water in layers (tank rotating). . 243 



" 28. Movement of the surface water in the Newfoundland area 244 



" 29. Ice melting experiment 245 



" 30. The melting of the ice 246 



" 31. Distribution of salinity near the ice 248 



" 32. Distribution of temperature near the ice _. . 248 



" 33. Movement of water near the ice 249 



" 34. Movement of water in the tank by ice melting 250 



" 35. Distribution of the temperature by ice melting over a warm and salt 



bottom layer 250 



" 36. Movement of the water by ice melting in Gullmarfjord 251 



" 37. Distribution of the temperature by ice melting in Gullmarfjord . . . . 252 



" 38. Frictional force as indicated by the movement of the water 253 



" 39. Diagram of velocity for a current by constant frictional resistance. . . . 254 



" 40. Diagram of velocity for a surface current in calm weather and with 



wind in same and the opposite direction 255 



" 41. Cyclonic and anticyclonic currents produced by i)hysical change of the 



water and by wind 256 



" 42. Current from centre of production to centre of consumption 258 



" 43. Movement of surface water in the Gulf Stream 258 



" 44. Experiment illustrating circulation of the Gulf Stream 260 



" 45. Influence of the wind upon the Gulf Stream 262 



" 46. Bjerknes' diagram of the Archimedean forces 264 



" 47. Solenoids between two water layers 264 



" 48. Method of calculating the circulation in a sea current 265 



" 49. Relation between solenoids and circulation 266 



" 50. Isobars, isosters and solenoids in section IX 268 



" 51. Solenoids in section IX 269 



" 52. Amount of solenoids in section IX 271 



" 53. Cyclonic circulation produced by the earth's rotation 272 



" 54. Density and calculated velocity by offshore wind 278 



" 55. Alteration ol] circulation acceleration 280 



" 56. Submarine seiches occasioned by brief but violent gales 281 



" 57. Oscillation of surface water 282 



" 58. Direction of wind on 7/1, 1902, 9 p.m 283 



" 59. Courses of wind on 7/1, 1902, 9 p.m 284 



" 60. Circulation of the water in a transverse section of a current with cold 



bottom water . 294 



Plate I. Depths and hydrographical stations. 



" II. Distribution of salinity. Spring, 1915. 



" III. Distribution of salinity. Summer, 1915. 



" TV. Distribution of temperature. Spring, 1915. 



" Y. Distribution of temperature. Summer, 1915. 



" VI. Distribution of specific volume. Spring, 1915. 



" VII. Distribution of specific volume. Summer, 1915. 



" VIII. Course o:^ isosters. Spring, 1915. 



" XI. Course of isosters. Summer, 1915. 



" X. Depth in metres of the isosteric surfaces. Spring, 1915. 



" XI. Depth in metres of the isosteric surfaces. Summer, 1915. 



" XII. Stability conditions of the Canadian Atlantic waters. Spring, 1915. 



" XIII. Stability conditions of the Canadian Atlantic waters. Summer, 1915. 



* XIV. Calculated velocities. Spring, 1915. 



" XV. Calculated velocities. Summer, 1915. 



