356 DEPABTMENT OF THE NAVAL SERVICE 



exactly the same way each time, quite automatically, and the nearer one can approach 

 the ideal of a titration machine, the better are the results. 



The arrangement of the titration apparatus with bottle of silver nitrate solu- 

 tion (a) and burette (h) is shown in fig. 6. For further details about the titration 

 method, see Helland-Hansen (1. c). 



For the titration, standard water was used. The standard water, introduced into 

 hydrographical investigation by Professor Pettersson is ordinary sea-water with a 

 salinity of about 35 'Voo. It is examined with the greatest care by different methods 

 and kept in soldered glass tubes (fig. 7). The standard water is now prepared at the 

 international hydrographical laboratory at Copenhagen. 



The chlorine value of the standard water is known, and can be used to determine 

 the strength of the silver solution, a certain amount of the solution being found to 

 correspond to the chlorine value of the standard water. When in this manner the 

 strength of the silver solution has been determined, it is easy afterwards to calcu- 

 late the amount of chlorine in a series of water samples. It is assumed that the 

 silver solution is so made that a titration of standard water gives a reading on the 

 burette that corresponds neai'ly with the actual chlorine value of the standard water. 

 To facilitate the operation in this respect the hydrographical laboratory at Copen- 

 hagen deliver measured quantities of silver nitrate, each to be dissolved in a certain 

 quantity of distilled water. 



The calculation of salinity and density from the chlorine value found and from 

 the corrected temperature was made by means of Knudsen s hydrographical tables. - 



After the conclusion of the expedition the gear and the laboratory outfit wer^ 

 given in charge of the naval store office of H.M.C. dockyard, Halifax, to be used ii< 

 a supplementary autumn cruise in the Atlantic waters east of Nova Scotia by C.G.S. 

 Acadia under Commander F. Anderson. 



III. THE HYDROGRAPHICAL OBSERVATIONS. 



In the hydrographical table the results as to salinity, temperature, and density 

 are given for each station. The salinity and temperature are dealt with here, while 

 the density, which is calculated only for use in hydrodynamic studies is given only 

 in tabular form. As this part of investigation has been taken over by Mr. J. W. 

 Sandstrom, Stockholm, I refer the reader to his paper for details. 



The figures for salinity and temperature in the table have been worked out in 

 the sections, plates II and III; sections I-IX (plate II) are devoted to the spring 

 cruises, sections X-XX (plate III) to the summer cruises. The observations shown 

 m sections I-III and X-XII were made by the C.G.S. Princess, those in section IV 

 by steam drifter 33, both working in the gulf of St. Lawrence; sections V-IX and 

 XIII-XX deal with the observations taken on board C.G.S. Acadia, working in the 

 Atlantic waters east of ISTova Scotia. 



The positions of the sections and stations will be found in the general map 

 (plate I) and are also inserted "in the hydrographical table, together with time and 

 depth. The Princess stations 1-4 and 27-28, and the 33 stations 54 and 58-59, with 

 hydrographical data in the table, are not included in any of the sections; each of 

 the three ships used their special number-series of stations, and I have where neces- 

 sary used a double designation for the stations, viz., V. 10, XIII, 40, etc. 



1- Martin Knudsen, Hydrographical Tables, Copenhagen and London. 1901. 

 Martin Knudsen, 6t Tabelle, Anhang zu 19 01 herausgegebene. 



Hydrographische Tabellen. Publ. de Circ. Copenhagen. 1904. 



