CAXADIAX riSHEh'lES KXrEDITlOy, IDl'fi: 361 



(Icii fall of 4° C. A minimum with temperature below zero lies over Green bank 

 from about 50m. down to 125m., and a maximum caused by the invasion of Atlantic 

 water is found, farther out, between 50 niirl lOOni. These two conditions seem to be 

 the cause of the successive maxima and uiiiiiina in a vertical direction in the middle 

 part of the section (station 18), the tcmixTaturc rau^iii^' from about 2° to 5° C. 



Section VII. Stations 22-2~.12. 



This section runs from station 22 on Green bank over the southeastern slopes of 

 St. Pierre bank out to section V, station 12. 



Salinili/. — Frcmi the surface down to a dt'iith of (iO-lOOni. over the banks and 

 45-S5ni. farther out, bank-water of high salinity is found. The rest of the section is 

 occupied by slope-water, and the 34 isohaline runs at a depth of about 125-150m. 



Temperature. — The surface temneratvire is comparatively uniform throufrhout the 

 section from about 3.5° to 4.5° C., but the decrease downwards varies greatly at the 

 different stations, Avhile temperature minima are found at different depths. Over the 

 banks a layer of water of negative temperature is found from 50m. downi to the bottom 

 and at station 12 we have the marked minimum noted in section V. These two minima 

 seem to be connected with each other, but their connection is only indicated in the sec- 

 tion by the low temperature (1.9° C), at station 27 at a depth of 75m. This connection 

 might be found between this section and section VI, though nearer to the first. Below 

 150m. we find at station 12 a tongue of w^ater having a temperature of 5.0° to 6.5° C., 

 pressing against the slope, and at station 26 extending above 125m. 



The conditions at stations 12 and 27 seem to indicate that rapid changes in salinity 

 as well as temperature take place. 



At station 27 two observations of salinity and temperature were made with about 

 half an hour's interval (see table lb). The first gave a salinity of 33.88 V^" and a tem- 

 perature of 4.7° C., the second 34.42 Voo and 7° C. The density varied little, viz., 

 1.02684 and 1.02695 and it thus seems that in the short interval, referred to, more 

 southerly, Salter and warmer water has displaced the northern, colder water of about 

 the same specific gravity. 



We may here review the conditions obtained in this area at the time of the cruise: 

 From the banks in the north we have a south-flowing cold current with its middle part 

 somewhat east of section YII. On meeting the strong Atlantic warm current the 

 colder water is stowed up, and a back-water is formed as indicated at station 12. The 

 colder water is forced upwards and downwards through the contact, as sho\\ai hy the 

 vertical extension of the minimum, and is at last deflected in a westerly direction 

 towards the slopes of the Nova Scotian banks, where we find indications of colder 

 water in the minima at stations VIII, 28-29 and V 9-10. 



Section Till. Stations 27-33. 



This section runs from station 27 over Banquereau, Misaine bank, and ('. Brot<in 

 bank to station 33 off Cape Breton; it crosses the channels between the banks and lies 

 parallel with the Laurentian channel. 



SaUnitii. — From the surface down to a depth of 50m. is a layer of intermediate 

 water of high salinity. Fi'om 50m. down to 125-150m., bank water covers the bank, 

 and rises to the surface at station 27. The outer slopes of Banquereau, from a depth 

 of about 150m., are covered by slope-water, which must be presumed to occupy the 

 deepest part of the channels between the banks. 



Temperature. — The surface temperature is very uniform from 4.0° to 4.75° C. 

 The banks up to 25-40m. are covered by water of a temperature lower than 2° C, with 

 a minimvim of 0.0° C. at Banquereau and about ^- 0.3° C. at Misaine bank. Only the 



