CAXADIAy FIHUERIE^ EXPElJfTIOX, 19J>,15 365 



Temperature. — The same difference is shown by the temperature, which at station 

 28 is fairly uniform, 18-5°-l7 0° C, from the surface down to 20m., while at station 

 27 we find 16-4°-16-5" C from the surface down to 10m., but 8-4° at a depth of 20m. 

 This difference indicates a surplus of fresh water at the western station and the 

 presence of a strong: current round the western point of Prince Edward Island, which 

 mixes the Avater-masses and hri ufis relative fresh water down to the bottom layers. 



tSection A\, iitations 29-W. 



This section corresponds to section I of the spring cruises. The resemblance 

 between the two sections is obvious, but in the upper .^Om. we find marked differences, 

 mostly due to the presence of large quantities of fresher water during the summer 

 cruise. 



Salinity. — Coastal water is during the summer found at the surface out to the 

 slopes towards the Laurentian channel and towards deep water it is in the southern 

 part found down to 50m., but this layer of fresher water is rapidly flattened out super- 

 ficially towards the slopes. From station 34 the salinity of the surface water keeps 

 about 30 Voo with small maxima and minima, to 29-49 Voo near the north shore 

 (station 40). In the latter northern half of the section the intermediate water occupies 

 the superficial layer down to about 50m. In the south it is forced down to about 70m., 

 by the coastal water and over the Anticostian channel, bank water is forced up to 35- 

 40m. The bank water thus occupies the deeper parts of the southern banks the Anti- 

 costi east bank and the slopes towards the channels down to 100-125m. The rest of the 

 channels towards the deeper water is occupied by slope water, with from 34-65 to 34-72 

 Voo at a depth of 350m, in the Laurentian channel and .34-29 Voo in 275m. in the 

 Anticostian channel. 



Temperature. — The temperature corresponds with the salinity. The temperature 

 at the surface is much higher than in the spring, and falls from 17 0° C. at the 

 southern stations through several minima and maxima to 11-15° C. at station 40. 

 The decrease towards deep water is verj- variable relatively more rapid in the northern 

 half than over the southern banks, where we find a temperature of 5-65° at 100m. at 

 station 30. The upper 0° isotherm nearly falls in with the isohaline for 32 Voo, and 

 'thus lies about 30m. deeper in the south than in the north. The lower 0° isotherm 

 has a slanting course over the channels, from about 105m. towards the southern slopes 

 to about 170m. towards the northern slopes in the Laurentian channel, and from 130 to 

 lS5m. over the Anticostian channel. The waterlayer of negative temperature is thus 

 in the summer also more prominent near the Anticosti bank and the northern chan 

 nel than farther south. The minimum is, however, less marked in summer than in 

 spring. The area having a temperature below -^ 1° C. is comparatively small and the 

 lowest temperature is -;- 1-15° C. as compared w-ith -^ 1-35° C. found during the 

 spring. In the depth of the chamiels we find temi)erature 4-45° C. at 350m. over the 

 Laurentian channel, and 3-95° at 275m. over the Anticostian channel. 



Sf.ction XI, Stations J/O-U. 



This section corresponds to section II of the s])ring cruise, and thus runs over 

 C. Wittle bank and crosses the Esquimau channel. 



Salinity. — Coastal water is only found at a thin layer at the surface at Natash- 

 kwan bank towards the shore, thus having a much smaller extension than in the spring. 

 The intermediate water occupies most of the section from the surface down to 50m. 

 Over Natashkwan bank and towards the shore, however, it only reaches down to 30-40m., 

 and near t« the Newfoundland coast down to 40m. The banlv water occupies the rest 

 of the water-layers over the banks and channels from 5f)m. down to 125-140m. The 



6551—27* 



