CAAADIAN FISHERIES EXPEDITIOX, lOl'rlo 367 



and reaches the surface a little out from station 40. Over the bank the water- 

 layers thus have a sloping direction, and the salinity incroi-.-jS very rai»idly bet>Acen 

 stations 40 and 41. The layer of bank water is of comparatively small extent. 0\er 

 the bank it extends from 50 to 100m., and covers the bottom at the odcre of the bank. 

 From there the layer ascends as a narrow rim towards the surface. The slope water 

 covers the slopes of the bank between 100 and 160m., and thence ascends to the surface 

 where it forms a layer down to 20-25m., making a conspicuous bend down to 50m. at 

 station 43. The rest of the section out from the slopes and below 25-50m., is occupied 

 by Atlantic water, with a salinity in places as high as 36-99 ^/w (station 33, Y5m.). 

 Layers of very high salinity (above 35-50 Voo descend as a tongue down to about 

 170m. at station 43. 



Temperature. — Near the coast at stations 37 and 3^ we find a minimum with 

 temperatures below 2° C. in depths of 60-80m. This minimum shows its influence 

 vertically as well as horizontally, and the isotherms run almost concentrically to the 

 minimum in the bank part of the section. The surface temperature increases from 

 a minimum of 9° C. at station 37 to 19-7° C. at station 44, with a very rapid increase 

 between stations 40 and 41. Between these two stations all the isotherms in question 

 trend vertically, to become horizontal again: thq 16° isotherm at a depth of 45m., 

 the 12° isotherm at about 165m. and the 10" isotherm at a depth of 250m. All these 

 isotherms display a conspicuous bend downwards at station 43, where layers of salt 

 and warm Atlantic water seem to have sunk down (see above). The influence of the 

 Gulf Stream is very conspicuous in this section, but the bank proves a strong barrier 

 against the warmer water-masses, limiting their influence to the slopes facing the 

 ocean. 



Section XIV, Statioijs Ifi-lfJt. 



The section runs from station 49, near the coast of Nova Scotia, northeast of ■ 

 Halifax, to station 44 of the foregoing section, and crosses the Sambro baiik. 



Salinity. — From the coast and almost out to station 46, just over the seaward 

 slopes of the bank, intermediate water is found from the surface down to 25-30m. 

 The surface about station 46 is occupied by bank water, which from there descends 

 below the intermediate water as a comparatively thin layer 20m. in thickness, increas- 

 ing in bulk towards the coast, where it covers the slopes in depths of 3O-150m. The 

 rest of the surface is covered by slope water down to about 20m. at the outermost 

 station (station 44), and to about 250m. on the slopes of the bank. The bank is 

 covered by a layer of slope water about 80m. in thicknessi. From about 20m. down- 

 wards we find Atlantic water at station 44. The Atlantic water is found as far 

 inwards as the slopes of the bank in depth of 250-350m. As in the foregoing section 

 the influence of the Gulf Stream is very marked. The edge of the bank lies deeper, 

 and the slope water has flowed over it, forcing the layer of bank water to a more- 

 horizontal position than shown in that section, though the shape of the layer is 

 similar, a horn of plenty with the opening downwards and eoastwards. 



Temperature. — Near the coast we find the same minimum (below 2''C.) as in sec- 

 tion XIII, though more marked, from 65-135m. This minimum shows its influence 

 horizontally and vertically, especially downwards. The surface temperature increases 

 from the coast seawards, with a very marked jump from 13-35° to 17-0°C. between 

 stationsi 47 and 46, which corresponds to the changes in the salinity near the same place. 

 In the outer part of the section the 15° isotherm has a markedly sloping course, cutting 

 the surface between station 47 and 46 and running at a depth of about 90m. at station 

 44. The bulk of the section, near the surface and round the bank, is occupied by water 

 having a temperature between 8° -15° C, with somewhat colder water at a depth "f 

 300 •360m. out from the slopes. 



