370 DEPARTMENT OF THE NAYAL SERVICE 



Salinity. — Only traces of intermediate water are found near the surface at stations 

 SO and 83, the rest of the surface being occupied by bank water, which covers the 

 bank down to about 75ni. at the seaward slopes, and occupies the channel down to 

 150m. The deeper parts of the channel and the rest of the sections below 50-75m. 

 are occupied by slope water. 



Temperature. — The surface temperature lies between 11° and 13° C, and the 8" 

 isotherm runs horizontally at a depth of about 25m. The slopes of the bank on both 

 sides are covered by water with a temperature below 0° C, at places as low as ^- 

 1-45° C. and the temperature on the bank lies between 0° and 2-5° C. 



Section XX, Stations 89-83. 



The section runs from station 89 off C'anso to station 83 of the foregoing section, 

 and crosses Misaine bank, the Laurentian channel and St. Pierre bank. 



Salinity.— ^The surface down to 10 to 30m. is mostly occupied by intermediate 

 water, for only over St. Pierre bank is bank water found at the surface. Over the 

 southern bank intermediate water goes down to about 60m. Bank water covers the 

 is^hallowest parts of the banks on each side, and fills the channel north of St. Pierre 

 bank ^almost to the bottom. Over the Laurentian channel the bank water keeps to a 

 depth of 10 to 60m., and the rest of the channel is occupied by slope water with a 

 salinity as low as 34-78 ^/oo at a depth of 400m. 



Temperature. — The surface temperature is comparatively uniform with a maxi- 

 mum of 14-65° over the Laurentian channel. The 5° isotherm rims at a depth of 40ra. 

 over St. Pierre bank, and rises to about 25m. over Misaine bank, with a peculiar bend 

 down to 60m. near the outer edge of the former bank. At a depth of 75m. we find a 

 minimum, with temperatures below 0°, at stations 87 and 86, which in some way 

 seems to be in connection with the water-masses, having a temperature below zero, 

 which occupy the channel between St. Pierre and Newfoundland. At least the layers 

 between 50 and 125m. have a comparatively low temperature, below 3° C. The water- 

 masses occupying the deeper parts of the Laurentian channel have a very unifonn 

 temperature between 4 and 5° C. with a slightly marked maximum above 5° C. at a 

 depth of 150 to 225m. close up to the northern, slopes. 



REVIEW OF THE SUMMER CRUISES AND COMPARISON WITH THE 

 RESULTS OF THE OBSERVATIONS IN THE SPRING. 



As with the spring cruises, it may be of interest to review the hydrographical 

 conditions found in the summer, and then compare the results from both seasons. 

 As before. I refer the reader to the section maps in Mr. Sandstrom's publication 

 (Sandstrom, plates III and V). 



a. Salinity (Sandstroji, plate hi.) 



Coastal water (helow 30 'YooA — As in the spring, water of this salinity is found 

 .especially in the southern part of the gulf, round Prince Edward Island. The most 

 conspicuous difference' is that coastal water in the summer is found to a considerable 

 deptli (45m.) northwest of the island, while in the other parts of the gulf, where 

 coastal water was found in the spring, it seems to be more thinned out and limited to 

 the surface. Thus in the north along section XI, we only find it near the coast, 

 while in the spring we found it occupying the surface as far out as C. Wittle 

 bank. On the other hand, we find it in areas, where it could not be traced in the 

 spring, as in the southern part of Cabot strait, stations XII 46 and 47, and off 

 Canso, thus indicating that C. P>reton island is surrounded by a broad rim of coastal 



