HERBIVOROUS DINOSAURS 



219 



longest whales do not exceed 90 feet. In height these sauropods 

 dwarf the straight-tusked elephant of Pleistocene time, which 

 is the largest land product of mammalian evolution. The 

 Sauropoda for the most part inhabited the swampy meadows 

 and flood-plains of Morrison time. They include, besides the 



CRETACEOUS 



CRETACEOUS 



Fig. 97. Three Principal Types of Sauropods. 



The body form of the three principal types of giant herbivorous Sauropoda which ap- 

 pear to have been almost world-wide in distribution. 



Camarasaiirus, a heavy-bodied, short-limbed quadrupedal type. Diplodocus, a light- 

 bodied, relatively swift-moving quadrupedal type. Brachiosauriis, a short-bodied 

 quadrupedal type in which the fore limbs are more elevated than the hind limbs. 

 Brachiosaurus attained gigantic size, being related to the recently discovered Giganlo- 

 saiinis of East .Africa. Restorations by Osborn, Matthew, and Deckert. 



gigantic type Bracl/iosannts (- Gigantosaurics), with its greatly 

 elevated shoulder and forearm, massive quadrupedal types like 

 Camarasaurus Cope and Apatosaurus (=^ Brontosaurus) Marsh, 

 and the relatively long, slender, swiftly moving Diplodocus. 

 According to Lull and Deperet the Sauropoda survived until 

 the close of the Cretaceous Epoch in Patagonia and in southern 

 France. In North America they became extinct in Lower 

 Cretaceous time. 



