INDEX 



321 



Sodium, 33, 35-37, 46, 47, 54, 55, 66, 71, 



82, 84; chloride, 29; sec Salt 

 Soils, 83-85 

 Solar, heat, 43-45, 48, 51, 53, see Sun, heat 



of; spectrum, 44 (Fig.), 46 (Fig.), 47, 52, 



64, 65 (Fig.), loi. III, 113 (Fig.) 

 Sollas, W. J., 29, 36 

 South Africa, 171, 180, 184, 185, 189, 191, 



197, 207 

 South America, 125, 148, 180, 195, 196, 217, 



227, 237, 25s, 256, 261 

 South Dakota, 161, 218 

 SpadeUa cephaJoptera, 129 

 Specialization, 137, 158, 159, 165, 167, 175, 



192, 260 

 Spectrum, solar; see Solar, spectrum 

 Speed, 153, 164, 221, 265, 266 

 Spencer, Herbert, 143, 232 

 Sphargidae, 202 

 Sphargis, 202 (Fig.) 

 Spiders, 133, 291; sea, 166 

 Spines, 129, 161, 182, 188, 222, 224 

 Spirifcr miicronatus, 138, 140 (Fig.) 

 Spitzbergen, 205 

 Sponges, 32, 130, 290 

 Spores, 49, 103, 105, III 

 Springs, hot, 102, 103 

 Spruce, 108 

 Squamata, 186 

 Squirrels, 239 

 Starch, 52, 58, 107, 287 

 Starfishes, 136 (Fig.), 172, 291 

 Stars, 3, 7, 18, 47, 48, 59, 60, 62; evolution 



of, 3, 7 

 Slauraspis slauracanlha , 115 (Fig.) 

 Stegocephalia, 178, 180, 186, 190, 292 

 Skgomus, 211 (Fig.) 

 Stegosaurs, 223, 224 

 Stegosaurus, 224 



Sternoptyx diaphana, 173 (Fig.), 174 (Fig.) 

 Stimulation, 65, 66, 74 

 Strasburger, E., 94 

 Strontium, t,^, 34, 54 

 Stndhiomimus, 213-215 (Figs.), 229 

 Sturgeon, 168, 170, 292 

 Sttitzer, A., 83 



Stylonurus excelsior, 133 (Fig.) 

 St\lophthabnus paradoxus, 173 (Fig.), 174 



'(Fig.) 

 Sudburian, 50, 153 



Suess, Eduard, 34, 125, 171, 180, 255 

 Sugar, 52, 86, 107, 286, 287 

 Sulphur, 2,?,, 7,1, 47, 50, 54, 58, 62, 63, 67, 



68, 82, 83, 88, loi 



Sun, 4, 18, 22, 43-48, 51-53, 60, 113; heat 

 of, 43-45, 48, 49, 52, 56, 84, no, see 

 Solar heat; -spots, 47, 61 



Sunlight, 43-45, 49, 51-53. 56, 84, 99, 105 



Suprarenals, 75, 289 



Survival of the fittest, 20, 22 



Switzerland, 263 



Symbiosis, 87, 92 



Symbiotic, adaptation, 158; relations, 89 



Synapta girardii, 126, 127 (Fig.) 



S>nthetic, enzymes, 89; functions, 61 



Tables, Lists, and Charts: action, reaction, 

 and interaction, 16, 280; adaptation, 143, 

 151, 156, 158, 201, 202, 227, 239, 243; 

 animals, 118, 131, 237, 290; chemical 

 elements, 33, 37, 41, 51, 54, {to face) 67, 

 88; chronology, 29, 36, 50, 153, 161, 168, 

 178, 193, 19s, 211, 227, 236, 256; climatic 

 changes, 135; four complexes of energy, 

 22, 99, 154; habitat zones, 131, 201, 202, 

 239, 243; phylogenetic charts, 50, 161, 

 168, 178, 193, 211, 227, 236 



Taconic, 135, 256 



Tadpole, 177 



Tail, 129, 178, 182-184, 186, 187, 207, 212, 

 215, 224, 228, 259, 270 



Tapirs, 260, 263, 292 



Tasmania, 180 



Teeth, 64, 148 (Fig.), 149 (Fig.), 151, 166, 

 181, 182, 184, 190, 192, 205, 209, 221, 225, 

 229, 238, 240, 252, 257, 266, 271, 272, 276, 

 290 



Teleosts, 168, 170, 173, 175, 292; see Fishes, 

 bony 



Temperature, 25, 26, 43, 44, 48, 107, 135, 

 160, 175, 192, 213, 227, 232, 254; life 

 dependent on, 48-50 



Tcrebrahda, 122, 123 (Fig.) 



Tertiary, 153, 161, 168, 178, 193, 194, 198, 

 227, 231, 232, 236, 254-259, 263, 274 



Testudinata, 193, 231 



Tethys, 171, 188, 217 



Tetons, 104 



Texas, 180, 183, 185, 187-189, 191, 198 



Theriodont, 191 



Thermodynamics, 5, 12-14, iS, 22, 53, 117 



Therocephalians, 190 



Theropleura, 186 



Theropoda, 195 



Tliinopus, 175; antiqtiiis, 176 (Fig.), 177 



Thymus, 75, 289 



