192 ALBERT M. REESE 



The same three animals, and several others, were tried with 

 a small piece of apple. Several of them followed the apple and 

 one or two snapped at and half swallowed it, but it was always 

 disgorged before it was completely swallowed. Several animals 

 that paid no attention to the apple immediately followed and 

 snapped at a piece of meat. 



A small piece of caramel that looked almost exactly like the 

 meat was followed and snapped at by some of the animals, but 

 none of them would swallow it. Many of the animals that paid 

 no attention to the caramel seized and swallowed, immediately 

 after, a piece of meat. 



The entire lot of animals was tried with pieces of meat and 

 pieces of earthworm of the same size. Most of the animals 

 seized, or tried to seize, the meat and earthworm, offered 

 alternately, and no difference in reaction towards the two could 

 be noticed. As in nearly every experiment, there were a few 

 animals that refused to eat, and those that refused the one re- 

 fused the other, in this case. None of the animals seemed to 

 show any preference for the earthworm, a natural food, over 

 the raw beef, food to which they were, of course, not accustomed 

 in their natural haunts. 



Several small pieces of meat and of earthworm were wrapped 

 in filter paper and thrown into the aquarium with a number 

 of animals. These small bundles, all looking alike, remained 

 untouched for several days, when they were removed because 

 they had begun to foul the water. 



Experiment 2. As a further test to see whether the animals 

 were guided by a sense of smell or taste, two kinds of beef 

 extract were made; one by boiling meat in water and filtering 

 the resulting broth, the other by grinding pieces of raw meat 

 in a mortar with a little water and filtering the bloody liquid 

 that was thus obtained. As the animals reacted the same to 

 the two liquids, the latter was used in nearly all of the experi- 

 ments. The method of using the meat fluid was to squirt a 

 little of it from a fine-mouthed pipette upon the tip of the head 

 of an animal that was lying still in the aquarium. As in Ex- 

 periment 1, most of the trials were made upon three or four 

 animals that responded more quickly than the rest, but all 

 of the animals acted in essentially the same way. 



When a little of the fluid was ejected upon the head of an animal 



