226 WALTER B. SWIFT 



were obtained, the right temporal lobe was removed, and the 

 dog, without any temporal lobes, was trained again as before. 

 And now appears the result that surprises the student of 

 brain localization. 



After a period of training, lasting two weeks with no sure 

 response to sound — very gradually the ability to differentiate 

 the high tone from the low one returned. Slowness and almost 

 an ataxia in the head movement with an occasional false act 

 characterized the whole period of reactions after the second 

 operation. But it was plain, as was testified by some eminent 

 scientists who came to see the dog in the laboratory in Berlin, 

 by the members of the German Neurological Society before 

 whom I demonstrated him, and also in this country, by the 

 Boston Neurological Society, and other scientists, including 

 Prof. Yerkes, who saw the dog at my home in Boston — it was, 

 I say, plain to all these men that the dog reacted to a sound 

 stimulus and differentiated two tones when both temporal 

 lobes had been extirpated. Prof. Yerkes pronounced him 

 acutely sensitive to sound, and suggested that I try to teach 

 him a set of new associations, so I tried making him get up to 

 a chair placed before him to reach the meat, rather than bob 

 his head downward for the meat on a block below him. This 

 met with success for even in only a few trials, the dog shot his 

 head upward for the meat at the eating tone, when before he 

 had dropped it directly downward. This too, when a blast of 

 air was introduced to eliminate smell as a guiding agent in di- 

 recting the reactions. 



For a more exhaustive report of methods,, technique, macro- 

 scopical and microscopical findings, the reader is referred to 

 the report of a paper read in Berlin before the Gesellschaft fur 

 Psychiatrie und Neurologie in the Neurologisches Centralblatt, 

 November 13, 1910, and to the Journal of Nervous and Mental 

 Disease. 



The autopsy findings, i.e., the macroscopic appearance of the 

 area where the brain substance was extirpated, show a total 

 extirpation of both temporal lobes. (Only the microscopic 

 findings to appear later can add further data.) 



These results lend weight to Kalischer's findings, although we 

 offer a different interpretation. Kalischer claimed that the 

 association process of tone differentiation was a mere reflex 



