SPIDERS AND INSECTS OTHER THAN ANTS 389 



NEST-BUILDING AND MATERNAL INSTINCTS 



According to Glen Herrick (27), in October and early Novem- 

 ber the fertilized female of the cabbage aphis lays a large num- 

 ber of eggs on the cabbage. A few eggs are laid on rape, turnips, 

 brussels sprouts and kohl-rabi. Usually the eggs are placed 

 in depressions and crevices on the underside of the leaf. These 

 eggs hatch the following spring. 



Hinds and Turner (29) state that the rice-weevil deposits its 

 eggs in the kernel of some grain. The eggs hatch in about three 

 days after they are laid. 



According to H. H. King (31), the eggs of Tabanus par Walker 

 are laid on the under sides of the leaves of water plants. Al- 

 though in a cluster, each egg is vertical and distinct. 



E. N. Cory (18) states that Sanninoidea exitiosa Say, when 

 about to oviposit, arches the center of her abdomen upward 

 and points the tip, with its protruding ovipositor, downward. 

 She gently swings the abdomen from side to side, occasionallv 

 pausing to touch it to the leaf. Each egg is deposited singly 

 and glued to the leaf by a secretion which is placed on the leaf 

 before the delivery of the egg. Of 455 eggs deposited, 390 

 w r ere placed on leaves and 65 on the trunk. 



According to E. R. Sasscer (51), the ash saw-fly (Tomostethns 

 midlicinctus Rohwer), in ovipositing, points her head down- 

 ward and thrusts her ovipositor under the epidermis near the 

 edge of the leaf and, after laying an egg, flies to another leaf 

 and repeats the process. The egg is always inserted near the 

 edge of the leaf and not in the petiole nor in the midrib, as is 

 done by closely related species. 



P. J. Parrott (41) confined three species of tree-crickets 

 (Oecanthits niveus DeGeer, O. nigricornis Walker, 0. quadri- 

 punctatus Beut.) in breeding cages, with growing apples and 

 raspberries. He used ten pairs of niveus, six of nigricornis and 

 four of quadripiiuctatiis. When apples and raspberries were 

 both present, niveus always oviposited in apples; when apples 

 were not present it used raspberries. Nigricornis and quadri- 

 punctatus always preferred raspberries; when it had no other 

 alternative, nigricornis sometimes laid in applewood. In ovi- 

 positing the female gnaws a hole in the bark; then, moving the 

 ovipositor at right angles to her body, she advances, inserts 

 the tip of her ovipositor into the hole, and proceeds to drill a 



