SPIDERS AND INSECTS OTHER THAN ANTS 393 



From an area with a radius of ten miles, 3,273 pupae and pre- 

 pupal larvae were collected and placed in pasteboard boxes 

 8x5x4 inches. These boxes were examined almost daily. No 

 sarcophagids were raised from any of the active pupae or pre- 

 pupal larvae ; but, from the dead and inactive pupae many 

 were hatched. Live prepupal larvae and active sarcophid flies 

 were confined to cages for several days; after which the larvae 

 were transferred to jelly glasses with mosquito-netting tops. 

 In no case did a sarcophid develop. Live maggots of these flies 

 were placed on active pupae and prepupal larvae, but they did 

 not enter the bodies of any; nor would adult flies oviposit upon 

 freshly killed material. When badly damaged larvae were 

 placed in cages with sarcophid flies, the flies oviposited on 

 them. These experiments demonstrate that the Sarcophagidae 

 used for these experiments are not parasites but scavengers. 



MISCELLANEOUS INSTINCTS 



Migrations. M. D. Hill (28) describes a case of dragon-flies 

 migrating in swarms. 



A moth (Tortrix fumiferana Clemens) in July, 191 1, entered 

 Philadelphia in such swarms that traffic was interfered with 

 and shop keepers were obliged to close their doors (2). 



Hibernation. In the South, according to Glen Herrick (27),. 

 the cabbage-aphis (Aphis brassicae) hibernates in the agamic 

 form. 



According to Burgess (15), Calosoma sycophanta hibernates at 

 from two to twenty inches below the surface of the ground. 

 Males and females emerge from the ground at the same time. 

 This statement is based on a study of 734 cases. 



Locomotion. According to the Severins (53) Belostoma swims 

 rapidly and Nepa slowly. In swimming both use only the 

 middle and hind pairs of legs and with these they make alter- 

 nate movements. In walking on land all of the legs are used 

 by both genera. 



In testing how far scale insects can walk without feeding, 

 Quayle (48) traced the paths of specimens which were allowed 

 to walk across large sheets of paper. He studied the black 

 scale (Saissetia oleae Bern), the red or orange scale (Chrysom- 

 phalus anrantii Mask.) and the purple scale (Lepidosaphes 

 beckii Newm.). The rate of locomotion varied with the tern- 



