446 HARVEY CARR 



produce the act without a direct bond. This is the case of the 

 ideational construction or alteration of a new act out of old acts. 

 Suppose we have ideas "a" and "b" of acts "A" and "B" with 

 the given bonds of connection. The situation necessitates the 

 creation of a new act "C" by coordinating A and B in some 

 way. It might be asserted that this coordination may be per- 

 fected on the level of their ideational representatives "a" and 

 "b, " and, when perfected, the act C would result although no 

 direct bond exists between the new idea ancl the new act. Other- 

 wise, ideas would possess but little value in volitional activities. 

 In fact, as the reviewer read the author's discussion, he began 

 to wonder whether ideas could possess any utility whatsoever 

 in Thorn dike's system. The suspicion was engendered that 

 ideas are mere by-products of sensory-motor connections, and 

 that the author could give a smooth account of all the processes 

 involved and of the development of intelligent behavior in both 

 man and beast without the least reference to ideas. 



