56 Repoht 8. a. a. Advancemkni' of Sciknck. 



natives procured copper ; people in Capetown liecame greatly excited 

 over the matter, and as a result the "Association for the Exploration 

 of Central South Africa " was forjiieil in Capetown, and iJr. An<hew 

 .Smith was chaiged with the leadership of an expedition scientific, 

 political and commercial. Bain, however, was not to be done out of 

 the fruits of his toil, and, whether independentl}^ or, as is more 

 probable, assisted by a Grahanistown syndicate, he fitted out an «'xpe- 

 dition sinndtaneously ; but whereas Dr. .Smith's party returned safely, 

 and received the thanks of the ass<jciation from the chairman, Sir John 

 Herschel, Bain was attacked and had to abandon his waggons, losing 

 everything, and barely escaping with his life. Bain was granted a 

 tract of land by Sir Benjamin D'Urban as a leward foi- his discoveries, 

 but he had hardly had time to settle <iown when it was taken from him 

 under what is known as the Glenelg experiment ; the village of Alice 

 now stands on the site of Bain's homestead. Thenceforth Bains 

 discoveries were scientific rather than econ<jmic. He obtained em- 

 ployment under Government as a road engineer, and in Clanwilliam 

 unearthed in his road cuttings a great number of Devonian fossils on 

 the spot where his former rival, Dr. Smitli, had originally made the dis- 

 covery Bain made the first geological map (jf the country, and sent 

 home the first Karroo reptiles that were described ; he also discovered 

 the cretaceous fossils of Uitenhage, and he will be ever remembered as 

 the "Father of South African Geology." His claims to the affections 

 of Cape colonists rests, however, on a broader basis, for he is also 

 known as "Bain the road-maker," and as such is distinguished from 

 "Baines the traveller," Andrew Hudson Bain of Bain's Vley near 

 Bloemfontein, and Tom Bain, his son.* 



Here I must briefly refer to some other of the All)any hunters 

 and pioneers who played a part in opening up the northern gold-fields. 

 The first is Henry Hartley of Bathurst, who came out in 1820 on the 

 Alburij with Dr. Carlton's party. In 1 SH he went to the Trans\aal 

 ami settled near Pretoria : from his jiew home he made repeated 

 journeys to the north, and when in Matabeleland in 1S65 he dis- 

 covered the ancient gold diggings. He invited Carl Mauch to accom- 

 pany him in the following year to investigate them, and thus were 

 opened up the Tati gold-fields. Thomas Baines, the traveller, we can 

 nW» iilaini as a fellow-townsman, for lie lived in Grahamstown in the 

 .early forties, and many in this town remeinber him still, ami have 

 pictures painted by him ; but I nti<}i\ not further detain you with his 

 life, as in his (jold Fiehls of Soitfh Africa a sufiiciently full acc<iunt 

 of his work is given. There are many other names 1 find scattered 

 through the files of our newspapers and in manuscript notes. Of 

 jthese early pioneers only two are alive to-day. Sam Edwards, formerly 

 of Salem, who with James Cliapman opeiu^d up the road to the Victoria 

 Falls, and Edward G. Chapman of Grahamstown. The latter was in 

 Bechuanaland from 1815 60, and traded with Mosilikatse together with 

 David Hume, McCaib, Hartley, Lisk of Natal, (Jifford and Phillips: 



*' A. (;. Haiii was hern in ITiC aii<l <lie«l (.(clolier 2«tli, lsti4. 



