East Coast Fkvkk. \99 



a siuklen falling" oflT in the (juantity of milk, while pregnant animals 

 fre<jueiit[y aUnt. Thei-e is marked salivation and grinding of the 

 teeth, and occasionally a slight flow of tears from the eyes, which 

 have a somewhat glassy appeaiamre. The lutwels are generally ex- 

 tremeh' constipated, although in some cases diarrhdea is present, and 

 when it is, the discharges are dark in colour, assuming a reddish brown 

 tinge when dry. When made to move the animal does so unsteadily, 

 the hind-quarters swaying as if it had not complete control of its 

 limbs, the swaying being more noticeable when the animal is turned 

 sharply round. As the disease pi'ogresses the animal becomes greatly 

 depressed, refuses all food, is disinclined to move, salivation is profuse, 

 tremors of the muscles of the shoulders and Hank are frequent, and the 

 urine is often, but by no means invariably, discoloured, having at first 

 a pinkish tinge, which later becomes red, and finally porter coloured 

 and iiighly all)uminous, frothing up when voided. At this stage brain 

 symptoms may appear, the animal charges recklessly at any moving 

 object coming within range of its vision, and may become delirious 

 before death ; on the other hand, the animal may die quietly without a 

 struggle, death occurring in from fi\e to ten days after the visible onset 

 of the disease, or it may rally from the acute stage, the ui-ine may clear 

 oft' and become normal in colour, while the appetite remains in abeyance, 

 and the animal dies in the course of a few weeks from anjemia." 



>So much for a typical case, but in atypical cases the symptoms are 

 by no means so diagnostic. Tn these there is in the early stage marked 

 elevation of temperature, lOCV F. or over, with at first compai'atively 

 little indication of systemic disturbance. The salivary secretion is 

 slightly in excess. The animal continues to eat and the bowels are 

 practically normal, although close observation will show that the dung 

 is frequen.tly somewhat glazed in appearance and streaked from excess 

 in the amount of mucus. The urine has sometimes a somewhat milky 

 appearance at the onset, but frequently remains normal throughout 

 the course of the disease, and the gait, although somewhat unsteady, 

 is not markedly so. In cases of this class animals frequently sur\ive 

 the febrile stage and apparently become convalescent, but suddenly 

 collapse and are found deail with a heap of albuminous fi'oth exuding 

 from the nostrils. Occasionally the preliminary stage of illness is 

 quite overlooked, and the animal is found dead, having apparently 

 died suddenly from pulmonary effusion. 



N(^t unfrequently lung disturbance supervenes before the tempera- 

 ture subsides, nasal hiemorrhages occur with discharge of blood)' froth 

 from the nostrils, and the animal manifests great distress, coughing in 

 a manner which might lead to the supposition that lung-sickness was 

 alsd present. So extreme does the difficulty of breathing become, that 

 not only does emphysema of the lungs result, but we ha\'e on more 

 than one occasion observed extensive enqjhysema of the subcutaneous 

 tissue, not as a post mortem appearance, but during the life of the 

 animal, possibly as a secondary corollary to pulmonary emphysema, 

 this subcutaneous swelling crackling upon pressure like those of quarter 

 evil. If death does not occur at this stage a type of broncho pneu- 



