East Coa.st Fkvkk. "201 



colour oil section, sometiuies sluiwiiijv infarcts (lia'iiiorrlia.i'ic spots j, due 

 to blocking of the tine capillary blood-vessels with organisms, or dtbris 

 and disintegrated matter as the result of their attack. 



Gall J) ladder. -Has wall much thickened and (edematoiis and 

 fre<im'ntly extravasations of blood and even ulcers upon its internal 

 mucous lining. 



JJile. — Yellowish red or more commonly dai-k, dirt}'^ green in 

 colour, containing inspissated particles of bile pigment and much 

 mucous (this bile has been likened to chewed grass in appeaiance). 



Kidnei/s. — Softened and friable, structure is frequently hfemorr- 

 hagic, capsule easily stripped off", infarcts present, either recent, 

 apjjearing as dark red spots on outside and in structure of organ, or 

 of longer standing and white in colour, roughlv spherical in shape, 

 standing up from the surface of organ and softer than surrounding 

 kidney substance. 



/ntf/<li'ues. — Frequently congested, Peyei's Patches enlarged and 

 intlamed, sometimes covered with a yellow croupous exudate, and gut 

 contains bile-stainetl mucous, csecum often afi'ected, diffuse conges- 

 tion of lining membranes: ulcers may be found at the junction' of the 

 small and large intestines (ilio-caical valve) ; the last part of the 

 gut (rectum) shows congestion in striated markings on the mucous 

 membrane. 



Bladder. — ^iay contain normal urine, highly coloured urine or 

 water the colour of claret or porter, owing t(j the presence of broken- 

 down blood, which has been passed out by kidneys, anrl due to the 

 destruction of the red blood corpuscles bv the piroplasma. 



Stonuichs. — First, second and third are normal, the fourth fre- 

 quently shows general congestion, reddening and thickening of the 

 mucous membrane ; ulcers may be present at the edges of the mucous 

 folds and at the pyloric opening of the stomach {i.e. the opening into the 

 intestine) ; the stomach frequently contains semi-tluid food mixed with 

 blood, and it is the presence of this lesion and the ulcers on the mucous 

 membrane which might cause a careless, or incompetent observer, or 

 one who only saw the fourth stomach, to confound the disease with 

 rinderpest. 



The existence of any rinderpest infection complicating these crises 

 has, howe\er, been disproved by the fact that iiKjculation with rinder- 

 pest serum did not modify or pre\ ent in any way the course of the 

 disease, nor did cattle which had salted to rinderpest, during the 1S97 

 outbreak, and which were then highly fortified with virulent rinder- 

 pest blood, for serum-producing purposes, possess any special immunity 

 during the present outbreak. 



Heart. — Flabby and pale, fat arinind base of a yellow colour, and 

 little red spots (petechiae) on outer mucous covering (epicardium), and 

 under inner mucous lining (endocardium) : there may be small ijuantit}'' 

 of clear fluid in heart sac (pericardium). 



Bluod. — Generally paler in colour than normal, ami in advanced 

 .stages of the disease much diminished in (piantity, and often so watery 

 that it scarcely stains the fingers. 



