352 Rbpokt 8. a. a. Auvanckmkvt of 8cii:kce. 



what is now the Swellendiim, Riversdale and Creorye di\i.sions ; and 

 from Ensign Izaak Hchry^er (1689) we liear of tribes still more to the 

 east, the Inqua, the NamViuncjua, the Gonaqua and Damaqua, the two 

 latter of mixed Kafir lilood. Schrj-ver also brought second-hand 

 accuiints of the Briqua and Kobona, the Hottentot terms for Bechuana 

 and Kafir or more distant Bantu. In 1686 Governor Van der Stel 

 himself conducted an expedition so far intt) the land of the Namaquas 

 as the Orange River. 



Johan Nieuhoff, who \ isited the Cape in 1653, 1659 and 1677, 

 describes tlie Hottentots very fully in his Zee eii Lant Beizni (published 

 1682). He attributes the brown colour of their skin to their habit of 

 smearing fat over their bodies, a female infant born at the Castle being 

 as white as a European. They worship a supreme being called Hannum, 

 who gives rain oi* drought. 



Wilhelm Ten Rhyne in his De Promontorii) Bonae Spei called this 

 being the Supreme Captain, whose wrath was manifested in thunder. 

 This author applies to the Hottentots Pliny's words respecting the 

 Ethiopians : Solem orieatem occidentemque diva hnprecatione contiienfur. 

 Ten Rhyne, a native of Deventer, physician in ordinary' to the East 

 India Company and member of the Council of Justice, published his 

 Schedidsma in 1586. Yet all he knew of Portuguese East Africa was 

 that " a certain emperor coming from the Mountains of the Moon to 

 the Cape of Good Hope erected an empire here which, being afterwards 

 divided into four kingdoms, were known by the name of Meaopatu." 



Jan Willem Grevenbroek, in 1684-94 secretary to the Council 

 of Polity, left a manuscript account of the Cape Hottentots dated 

 1695. This valuable .scientific production (which has been justly en- 

 titled Eleyans et accurata gentis Africauae circa Fromoiiteriiim Capitis 

 Bonae Spei, vulyo Hottentoten lumcupatae, descriptio epistolaris) may 

 be regarded as the first serious and authoritative contribution to South 

 African ethnolog3^ 



Grevenbroek subsecpiently left the Company's service and became 

 a bui'gher, and as such withstood the t3n-ainiy of tlie Governor Willem 

 ^'an der Stel. He must therefore have been associated with Abraham 

 Bogaerts, a physician who visited the Cape and assisted the popular 

 party during these troubles. In his HistoriscJie Reizeu door Oostersche 

 Deelen in Asieii,, published 1711, Bogaert gives a description of the 

 Hottentots, much of which he doubtless owes to the ex-secretar\'. 



Another writer on the Cape, Pieter Kolben, is also credited with 

 having derived his material from Grevenbroek ; but as he lived .seven 

 years in the country, during which he claims to have met with most 

 of the Hottentot tribes menti(»ned, it may be allowed that he obtained 

 much of his informati(^>n from per.sonal observation : and his very errors 

 suppoit such a conclusion. Kolben was secretary to Baron Krosinck, 

 Geheinu'ath to the King of Piussia (Frederick William I), and was 

 sent by his emplo3'^er to the Cape to m;ike astronomical observations. 

 This shows him to have been a well-educated and intelligent man, and, 

 whatever its merits, his CapiU Bonae Spei Uodiernnm, published in 

 German at Nuremburg in 1719 and at Amsterdam in Dutch in 1727 



