214 MR. IVAN D. HEPBURN 



Eragrostis caesia, dominant on peaty soil over 

 Cave sandstone. 



Other veld grasses are Eragrostis hrizoidcs, Poa hlnata 

 (under shade of rocks). Avenastrum antarcticum, Se- 

 taria sp., etc. Setaria aiirea occurs in damp places, and 

 often becomes dominant in damp cultivated lands that 

 have been neglected. Phalaris sp. occurs on the edge of 

 cultivated lands. Fanicum sp. (? minus) becomes domi- 

 nant in damp neglected lands. If cut before it ripens it 

 forms good hay. In marshy places Phrag mites communis 

 occurs. 



Veld Cyperaceae are common. Among them are Cy- 

 perns rompactus, Cyperiis margitiatus, Care-x dregeana. 



Other veld i)lants : Aster liispidns, in gravelly soil ; 

 Cineraria aspera, on old walls and stony places; Litho- 

 spernium eineream, ^ehaea hymenosepala, on damp 

 plateaux; Gladiolus tristis, usually near streams; 

 Moraea sp. (19.3), comm<m on the plains^ and Moraea 

 setacea; also Haplocarpha seaposa, Polygala ( ? hotten- 

 iotiia), Polygala hispida, Polygala gymnoclada, Acrotome 

 inflata. on sandy plains. Walafrida densiflora, often 

 very numerous ; Phytolacca heptandra, Pachycarpus deal- 

 hatus^ Senecio digiialiiolius, on plateaux and dimp mour- 

 tain sides; Erodium cicuiarium^ Senecio isatideus, Sene- 

 cio asperuluSy Nemesia ioetens, Hypoxis Gerrardi, Andro- 

 coymhiiim sp., etc. In damp places, especially in the 

 valleys, are found Malva parvifloray Anchusa capensis, 

 Anchui^a riparia. Oenothera speciosa, Epilohium Have- 

 scens, Xasturtinm fluviatilis and Sisymhrimn Burchcllii 

 are used as vegetables by the Natives, as also are various 

 Asclcpiadaceae. Gladiolus {? psittacinus) occurs very 

 lai-gely in dam]) places, amongst reeds and in cultivated 

 lands. In wheatlands it comes into flower after the wheat 

 has been reaped. A feature of the veld, especially on the 

 higher jilateaux and exi)osed plains, is the enormous 

 nuiiilxn' of helichrysums. In many ])laces, especially on 

 shallow soil on the plateaux, they are dominant. ^Eost 

 of their sjiecies have not been determined jet, but 



