216 mr. ivan d. hepburn 



Androj'Ogon Formation. 



This formation occurs on gravelly and rocky kopjes 

 and slopes with a northern or western aspect. Andro- 

 pogon hirUis is dominant . It is often seen in veld pre- 

 served for the winter, and grows about two or three feet 

 high. It is very largely used by the natives for thatch. 

 Associated with it is Andropogon Nardus. On river 

 banks and in depressions, where this formation occurs, 

 one usually finds Cymhopogon dregeanus dominant. 

 This is a tall grass four or five feet high and is also used 

 for thatch. Among the associated plants of the Andro- 

 pogon Formation are Polygnla (? hottentntta) , Antho- 

 spernium pumilum, Ipomoea ovata^ Convolvulus capen- 

 shi. Mahernia parvifloro. 



Various. 



In the dongas in the veld it is usual to find associa- 

 tions of Jimcus {? glaiicus) and Carex Hephiinii Schonl. 

 n.sp. 



On shallow dry soils on sandstone one finds Wahlen- 

 hergia sp.^ Oldenlandia amatjimhica, Eupliorhia sp., 

 Miirciltia (probably M. divaricata). Selago Galpinil, 

 Eelk'lirysum spp., etc. These are all xerophytic, cricoid, 

 or with sparse narrow leaves, or hairy leaves. 



In the vleis on the veld one sometimes finds various 

 Cyperaceae, Fliraginites comniunis, Veronica anagallis 

 and Crassula vaileantii occur in stagnant water or shal- 

 low streams. Scirpus (near S. ccrnmis and S. trachy- 

 spermus) occurs in damp i)laces and oozes. -Carex Hep 

 l)U7nn is dominant in some vleis and damp places as in 

 the Bensoncale valley. Mentha aqiiatica and Ranuncu- 

 lus pinnatus occur in damp places. Oxalis {? ^<mithn, 

 var. angustiloha) often occurs under the Mentha. Pota- 

 mogeton pusillus occurs in shallow water. 



Changed Veid. 



Chiefly because of overstocking large areas of grass- 

 land are becoming changed. The grasses are being re- 



