178 . DR II. B. FANTHAM 



Of these latter, I would draw attention to Haeckel's 

 article on " Darwin as an Anthropologist/' Man's place 

 in Nature could not realij be scientifically discussed 

 until the theory of descent had been established. We 

 now have the separate science of anthropology dealing 

 with the physical and mental constitution of man. Its 

 application to native races is: especially important. 



Furtlier we may remark tl»at a new branch of science 

 has come into prominence, as an application of the theory 

 of evolution to human affairs. X refer to Eugenics, which 

 may be defined as the study of agencies under social 

 control that may improve or impair the racial qualities of 

 future generations, either physically or mentally. Sir 

 Francis Galton was the pioneer in this study. We may 

 commend it most earnestly to sociologists and politicians. 

 On this important question 1 would quote the late Dr. 

 K. H. Lock, who writes : — '' The principles of heredity 

 teach us that education and training, however beneficial 

 they may be to individuals, have no material efl'ect upon 

 the stock itself. If the^^ have any effect at all, this is 

 undoubtedly unimportant in comparison Tith the effect 

 which would be produced by the selectioD of individuals 

 who exhibit desirable qualities. The demand for a higher 

 birth-rate ought to apply strictly to desirables. Instead 

 of this the cry is for education and physical training, 

 processes which can have no permanent beneficial effect 

 upon the race.'^ 



For myself, I Avould state that scientific methods need 

 to be ai)plied to modern administration. New countries, 

 such as South Africa is alleged to be, seem to consider 

 that it is necessary that they should undergo all the 

 birth pangs of tlie older countries, and forget that they 

 should profit by the experiences of the past — the world 

 having evolved. Tlie experiences of other countries should 

 enable them to commence wliere other nations, so to 

 speak, left ofi', and should helj) tliem to avoid the 

 agonies of wasted effort due to tlie ignoring of evolution- 

 ary principles. 



