DARWIN, BEFORE AND AFTER 179 



The underlying principles of general evolutionary bio- 

 logy should form an integral part of the education of all, 

 for on an adequate understanding of these principles de- 

 pends the proper conception of the relations of one in- 

 dividual to another. In particular, education, law and 

 religion as wholes have failed to affect the race as they 

 should have done. Lawyers need to study the broad 

 principles of evolution, especially as their work is con- 

 cerned constantly with a search for precedents and is in 

 continuous contact with the more degenerate sides of 

 human nature. Educationists and theologians need to 

 turn to biology for the broadening of their outlooks on 

 the human race and its possibilities. Administrators in 

 charge of native affairs need to be conversant with an- 

 thropology and its teaching, and to be able to apply its 

 results. Social reformers need to realise that trans- 

 plantation to a better environment alone cannot regene- 

 rate the lower strata of society, for the great forces of 

 heredity assert themselves constantly and the inborn 

 nature, the inheritance of ages, comes to the fore when 

 least expected. Environment may create a veneer or, 

 better, allow certain traits to develop further, but it 

 cannot entirely overcome or conceal the implanted and 

 inborn consequences of heredity. 



Let it be remembered that biology, of which evolution- 

 ary biology is but a part, is the science of life and of 

 living organisms, and therefore should be a fitting study 

 for living beings. Nature is universal, it is in process 

 of slow but continuous evolution, and affords a constant, 

 ever-present field for observation and experiment, where- 

 by true inferences may be drawn. Cause and effect in 

 Nature are inexorable, and the application of studies of 

 such cause and effect would lead to a saner, happier and 

 more moral world, wherein responsibility would be re- 

 membered, liberty not confounded with licence, and the 

 simple truth would be appreciated, instead of, as is some- 

 times the case now, being either feared, suppressed, or 

 sacrificed to expediency. 



