356 DISCOVERY OF THE CAPE. 



in his " Esmeraldo de situ orbis." Pacheco accompanied Dias 

 home from the Island of Principe in 1488, and so received his 

 information at first hand. 



(The above are all chiefly of value as enabling us to deter- 

 mine the date of the voyage, but give us little further informa- 

 tion.) 



(e) There are some very important references to the voyage 

 in the " Roteiro." a daily diary kept during the voyage of Vasco 

 da Gama. This is the most trustworthy authority for the voyage 

 of Da Gama, and the references in it to Dias are of the highest 

 importance, as the " Roteiro " was written under the direct 

 influence of Pero d'Alemquer, who was chief pilot to both 

 expeditions. 



(/) A series of contemporary maps, which have been 

 brought to our notice by Ravenstein, and have been reproduced 

 by him in a most useful and practical form. Of these, the most 

 important for our purpose are the maps by Henricus Martelus, 

 1489; Cantino, 1502; de Canerio, 1502; and an anonymous map 

 in the possession of Dr. Hamy, 1502. 



Later writers generally reproduce de Barros' story, but the 

 great survey of the coast made by Perestrello in 1575 is often 

 cf value, though he seems to have had little definite information 

 about Dias and his voyage. 



We will now pass on to the first of our questions. 



(i) What was the connection between Dias and the islet of 

 S. Croix in Algoa Bay? 



It was formerly supposed, on the authority of de Barros, 

 that Dias erected on the island one of the " padroes," the stone 

 pillars, which, like Diogo Cao* and Vasco da Gama, he carried 

 with him in order to mark the limits of his discoveries. On 

 the subject of the padroes de Barros makes a very positive 

 statement, but one which does not agree with the evidence 

 of other writers, nor with the facts as they are to-day. His 

 statement is to the effect tliat three were erected on the coast 

 of Africa by Cao and three by Dias. He is certainly wrong 

 in the case of Cao, as two of his pillars exist in nearly perfect 

 condition, and there are considerable fragments of two others, 

 thus establishing the fact beyond dcubt that he erected four, and 

 not three. 



Of the pillars erected by Dias, that of Sant' lago has 

 been identified. Two fragments of the shaft are in Lisbon 

 Museum, one in the South African Museum, Cape Town.f and 



* The form of this name, which seems to be current in South African 

 history books, is Cam, but the correct form is as given in the text and 

 should be adopted. 



t This fragment is pictured by Dr. L. Peringuey in a very valuable 

 paper published in " Annals of the South African Museum, Vol. XIII." 

 There is also a photograph of the last pillar erected by Diogo Cao, which 

 gives an excellent idea of the appearance of the typical padrao 



