6o PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS SECTION 15. 



soon, however, as development is advanced, and the demand for 

 students of the new science is created, it is possible to arrange 

 specificallv for their training^, and to offer one or more definite 

 professional courses for the coming- generation. This is what 

 has happened in the case of the best-known " orthodox " 

 professions and professional applied sciences. Time \vas when 

 the apothecary plied the bleeding-cup and saw, and was physician 

 and surgeon of his day. That day is long past, and once the 

 medical profession established itself, and arranged its professional 

 training, it soon succeeded, in virtue of the supreme importance 

 attached by even the highest in the land to their own skins, in 

 forming a closed ring and keeping out the layman. Time also 

 was when the veterinarian was the local farrier. That time, 

 too. is gone, although it is only within recent years that the 

 calling has won into the ranks of the clearly defined professions 

 and claimed its knighthoods for services rendered to the com- 

 munity. The passing of " general practice " and the increasing 

 significance of the veterinarian in matters of " State Hygiene," is 

 bringing the profession daily into greater prominence. It has a 

 clearly defined four years' college training for diploma purposes, 

 an3f specialised training which the more scientifically-minded are 

 disnosed to undertake being- left to the science faculties of other 

 instifntions. or fn post graduate studv 



So also with dentistry, a profession which is fast passing 

 out of the hands of the merely muscular into the hands of 

 qualified and scientifically trained men. 



So also with other orthodox callings. As soon as the demand 

 for a stereotyped general training becomes great enough, it is 

 met by organised teaching institutions. Industrial Chemistry and 

 Chemical Engineering now belong to that group. The Charlotten- 

 burg Institute in Berlin offers a seven years' course (D.Ing.) in 

 Industrial Chemistry. Most of the British technical Institutions 

 offer a four years' course, leaving the student to develop his pro- 

 fession further in actual contact with the particular industry into 

 which he passes, or to undertake specialisation by post-graduate 

 study. 



The practising profession of " Analytical Chemistry," and 

 the various requirements of the " consulting chemist,"- are like- 

 wise met by orthodox curricula. In the nature of the profession, 

 however, the analytical chemist tends to rapid specialisation, and 

 this is recognised bv the Institute of Chemistry, which, although 

 it denjands a sound knowledge of general chemistry in its inter- 

 mediate examination, allows of specialisation in its final, and 

 demands special knowledge of one of seven groups: (a) Mineral 

 Chemistry, {b) Metallurgical Chemistry, (c) Physical Chemis- 

 try, (d) Organic Chemistry, (e) Chemistry and Microscopy of 

 Food and Drugs. Fertilisers and Feeding Stuffs, Soils. Water, etc. ; 

 including the chemical-legal aspects of the group, (/) Biological 

 Chemistry and Bacteriology, (g) Chemical Technology. 



Analytical Chemistry can, of course, be treated as a separate 



