PRESIDKNTIAI- ADDRESS — SECTION D. 97 



( 1 ) By the assumption of a simple, rounded contour the body 

 may be rendered inaccessible to easy attack, and further, it may 

 be flattened and very smooth. This is the defensive type 

 (" Trutztypus ") of VVasmann. (See Plate 8.) 



(2) Less frequently the body is provided with stiff bristles, 

 which would render approach by the termites somewhat trouble- 

 some or disagreeable. 



(3) It is inherently probable that some termitophiles can- 

 protect themselves from attack by the power of producing a 

 scent which is disliked by the termites, and they accordingly 

 avoid the intruders as much as possible. 



(4) On the other hand, some termitophiles are not shunned 

 in the least by the termites, and they live in the closest com- 

 munication with them. These termitophiles may possess no 

 obvious exudatory organs, but they may have well-developed 

 scent glands, and it is to be supposed that the odour is pleasing 

 to the termite-community. 



(5) Other termitophiles are provided with conspicuous out- 

 growths from the body, and their microscopic structure indi- 

 cates that fluids exude from them. From analogy with myrmeco- 

 philes it is certain that these fluids either evaporate and form 

 an agreeable perfume or are licked up by the termites. (See 

 Plate 9.) 



(6) In a few cases the bodies of termitophiles carry clus- 

 ters of bright yellow hairs. Such yellow hairs are frequently 

 present on myrmecophiles, and the ants of the nest have been 

 seen to lick them with great assiduity. Dr. Brauns has drawn my 

 attention to the occasional occurrence of these hairs in termito- 

 philes, and we may suppose that they have a similar attraction 

 to the termites. 



(7) Mimicry of inorganic subjects, such as smooth, rounded 

 or oval pebbles, would doubtless assist the defensive type, men- 

 tioned under paragraph (i), in avoiding molestation by the 

 termites. Sometimes the bodies of termitophiles are greatly 

 inflated, or physogastric. as it is called, and there may result a 

 marked mimicry of the young or adult termites. This general 

 resemblance to the termites would assist in rendering the termito- 

 philes less liable to attack; but it is doubtful if the origin of 

 physogastrism is to be explained wholly on these lines. (See 

 Plate 10.) 



It is very interesting to note that the modification oi the 

 termitophiles in all of these different directions is met \vith in 

 each of the termite regions in which any adequate investigation 

 has been made, namely, the Indo-Malay region, Africa, and 

 South America. 



I. The Defensive Type of Terrndtophile. — The defen- 

 sive type is found in such different termitophiles as a 

 beetle (Endostomus siidanensis) , a dipteron_ (TJiawnatoxetta 

 wasmanni), and an isopod crustacean {Tennitoniscus fulleri). 



