424 THE TRAINING OF FITTER-APPRENTICES- 



r. — Hot Rivetting. 



1. Single rivet simple lap-joint, cupped rivets. 



2. Single rivet simple lap-joint, countersunk (flush) rivets. 



3. Simple butt-joint and strap. 



4. Rivetting gussets to diagonal members of wagon under-framing. 



5. Rivetting angle frames. 



6. Rivetting door framing for an iron, 15-ton, coal truck. 



C'. — Complethig Difficult Articles Requiring High Finish and Taste. 



1. Making a screw stock and dies. 



2. Making an artistic lock, grille, etc. 



H. — Assisting in difficult and heavy repairs [in main shopl. 



NOTES REFERRED TO IN THE TEXT. 



^ Technical education for all trades and industries, including 

 commerce, is under the direct control in Germany of this Ministry. 



^A mark=ioo pfennigs, was equivalent approximately to Q^d. 

 about that time. 



'A similar system is in operation at the Pietermaritzburg Shops 

 01 the S.A.R. 



* The draft referred to contained sixteen sections dealing, among 

 other matters, with : — 



Number of apprentices — " generally not more than 8 to 10 a year 

 in a large workshop." 



The articles of apprenticeship to be signed by the contracting 

 parties : A probation of 8 weeks is provided for ; the working 

 hours are ten, and the pay not to exceed 80 pfennigs a 

 day. The instructor is a charge-hand, who may be pro- 

 moted to foreman ; he is directly under the head of the 

 department, who has supreme control over the " training 

 shop " under the general direction of the works manager. 



The main principles are given upon which is to be based the 

 scheme of instruction for mechanic-apprentices in the work- 

 shops of the State Railways, and of private railways under 

 State control. 



' There is some legal doubt whether the Industries Law can 

 be applied to railway companies or not; opinions differ. The Minister has 

 the power to give an order by decree, which he does here. 



" The scheme of practical work given at the end scarcely justifies 

 the commercial value of the work expected, apparently, by the Minister. 



' The extension referred to is that due to the " Manual Workers' 

 Order," issued under the Industries x\ct. 



"■■ Lehrlings-Verschriften in Eisenbahn Verordnungs," Blatt 

 No. 2, Jan. 19, 1903. From all P.O.'s and booksellers. Price i mark. 



" Spent in the '* training workshops." 



'"/.<?., in the main or commercial workshop. 



"This would appear to justify the establishment of trades 

 schools as distinct collective institutions, as in Holland (since 1857), 

 tmd as adopted for Bavaria and South Germany generally by Kerschen- 

 steiner. Such separate institutions are now common in Germany, 

 Sweden, and other countries. 



"The apprentices, now being no longer in the training work- 

 shops, but in the main or commercial productive shops of the Railway 

 Workshops. 



" In the German " locksmiths' shop "' much of the less exact 

 fitting is done, and metal-plate work of the cold — or snap — rivetted sort. 



^* The '' brazing shop " does tin- and copper-smithing, ordinary 

 and autogenous soldering (oxy-acetylene welding). 



"* .\s in Britain, i.e., engineering fitting proper_ 



'" I.e., erecting and repairs shop. 



