Il6 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS SECTION E. 



For the purposes, then, of this study let us Hmit ourselves in 

 the main to the examination of a limited area, insulated as far as 

 possible from contact with the white races ; such an area as 

 Basutoland or the Transkeian Territories is specially suitable, 

 inasmuch as these areas are well populated and compact, and 

 education, by direct and indirect methods, has been carried out 

 over a long period of years (for which statistics are available) 

 among the rude barbarian peoples dwelling there in their primi- 

 tive state. When we have seen the results of education in such 

 a territory we shall be in a better position to form a judgment on 

 the larger question which involves the whole Bantu population of 

 South Africa. 



3. The Values of the Study. 



It is not too much to say, and indeed adds great importance 

 to the present study when it is remembered, that the results of 

 our South African experiences in relation to native education, 

 and administration, may play a large part now that peace has 

 been concluded, since the late German territories in South-West 

 Africa, and in East Africa, must be governed on a reconstructed 

 basis. German East Africa, and the adjoining Portuguese 

 Territory, can never go back to pre-war conditions and pre-war 

 methods of administration — that is to say, the administrative 

 methods of Germany and Portugal respectively — and it is only 

 to be expected that the various methods of Colonial administra- 

 tion will Be closely examined by all responsible authorities con- 

 cerned before being applied to those great areas, in order that 

 the best may be discovered and employed. Then, further, one 

 of the great principles which has crystallised in the great war is 

 the right of the weaker nations to develop unhindered by a 

 powerful neighbour, and since the great nations of the world 

 have been in conflict over this principle it is certain, so far as 

 there can be certainty in these affairs, that the League of Allied 

 Nations, if, and when, it comes to be established, will not rest 

 content with its violation in the territories of any member of 

 the League. But the principle is capable of development, and it 

 is not difficult to see that the permissive element must give place 

 to obligation. It is not enough merely to refrain from hamper- 

 ing the development of the weaker nations : we must logically go 

 further and shoulder our responsibilities, doing all that we can, 

 without unduly forcing the pace, to help on their development. 

 And when those weaker nations are within our own borders it 

 is imperative that we should not merely govern them more or 

 less justly and give them freedom to develop, but that we also 

 give them every assistance to evolve. Indeed, it is the height 

 of folly, even economically speaking, to keep a large section of 

 any specified population poor and ignorant, for their development 

 would in the process increase the wealth and importance of the 

 State itself, not to mention the enhancement of values and the 

 greater efficiency in all departments of activity. These considera- 

 tions have been an added incentive to the undertaking of this 

 study, and incidentally reveal the fact that there are interna- 



