456 SOUTH-WEST PROTECTORATE NATIVE POPULATION. 



Africa from Walvis Bay in 1872. Meanwhile the Bastards, who 

 had endeavoured to procure a settlement in the north-west of 

 Cape Colony, and had been prevented by the farmers of the 

 (H strict and the Land Beacons Act, had sent to spy out the 

 country, and arrived in force at Rehoboth, as aforesaid, at the 

 time of peacemaking^ between Hottentots and Herero. They 

 purchased their large territory there from the Hottentot chief 

 Zwaartbooi for 100 horses at £25, and 50 wap^ons at £50 each. 

 They have since increased by leaps and bounds. In 1876, when 

 they were asking^ for Cape protection, as did the Hereros and 

 . , ■ . ral Hottentot tribes at the same time, Palgrave, the traveller, 

 who was sent to report on the Protectorate, estimated their 

 number at i,.SOO; now they number 3,000 to 4,000. In 1873 a 

 trading company was formed for the benefit of the Rhenish 

 m.ission. The idea was to get honest laymen, who could relieve 

 the mission of the trade, which had almost inevitably grown up 

 around their stations, and also to avoid the British traders. The 

 missionaries found, however, that honest traders are not always 

 easy to get, and some of them were opposed on principle to the 

 policy. The Trading Company was Hquidated in 1880. In 1S78 

 Walfis Bay had been annexed. One cannot but pause to 

 contrast German and British methods. Walvis with its wonder- 

 ful harbour (then three weeks' voyage from Cape Town) is 

 still but ri number of huts on the sand. The neighbouring 

 Swakopmund, much later occupied, is quite a fine town. But 

 the Germans were not yet come : Tuderitz, a Bremen merchant, 

 arrived at Angra Pequena, since named after him, in 1882. The 

 German flag was hoisted there on the 24th April, 1884, the Top- 

 naar Hottentots making a grant as far as Cape Frio, with the 

 exception, of course, of Walvis. Luderitz' agent was ?vlr 

 Boehm, Snr. The remaining coast was sold by the Hottentot 

 chief Fredericks, about the same time. 



A German company was floated next year, and, at the same 

 date, an interesting Dutch republic beyond the Waterberg began 

 with the purchase of Upingtonia round Grootfontein from the 

 Ovambo paramount chief, with mining rights at Tsvjmeb. 

 flourishing copper mine still exists here, which I descended bv 

 the courtesy of the manager. The mines were formerly worked 

 by Bushmen, tributary to the Ovambo, who carried the ore 

 home northwards. Jordaan, the founder of the republic, was 

 njurdered by a chief on the way to Mosammedes, and the 

 republic in 1896 trekked on to Humpata in Angola. The Hereros 

 thought Jordaan had sold the country to a South African com- 

 pany. Kama-Herero at the same time frightened away 

 Goring. The Germans ])Ut it down to the British trader Lewis, 

 who was believed to be in touch with Rhodes, and appealed to 

 the Kaiser. In 1889 the two von Franqois reached Okahandja 

 and Omaruru, and Lewis left. In 1890 the Hottentots and 

 Herero fell out once more. Hendrik Witbooi now learnt, to 



