150 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS SECTIOIs E. 



(e) The Motor. — But in these days developments take place 

 so rapidly that one cannot always see far ahead. It seems but 

 as yesterday that the motor took its place in our modern civilisa- 

 tion, for so recently as 191 1 there were only three motors in the 

 whole of the Territories, and yet to-day (1919) nearly every 

 village has at least one ^arao^e, and many of the larger places 

 have two and three .s^arages, while even old colonists who were 

 wont to pride themselves in their horses have betaken them- 

 selves to the speedier, if more expensive, motors, to such an 

 extent that the Cape-carts and other horse-drawn vehicles are 

 hardly ever seen on the roads. In this motor invasion of the 

 Transkei we see, and foresee, an expansion of trade and an all- 

 round speedin.8^-up and general advancement of first importance. 



It is therefore no small satisfaction to observe the increasing- 

 attention which the Transkeian Territories General Council, and 

 the Pondoland General Council, are giving to the construction of 

 roads and bridges. These are fundamental works of the 

 greatest importance, for if motor traffic is to develop to any 

 great extent, we shall need roads that are more than mere 

 tracks across the veld, and bridges across the principal rivers, in 

 order that traffic in the summer months may not be continually 

 delayed and endangered by the flooding after the thunderstorms. 



The development, then, of the communications bv rail and 

 by road has already exerted a i)rofound influence in opening up 

 the country, and by increasing the race-contact it has also made 

 a great contribution towards the uplift of the natives. They 

 have been emancipated in some measure from the thraldom of 

 witchcraft and the tribalism that was on no account to be violated 

 in any of the many points of detail, and the emancipation has 

 come very largely by the experiences inseparable from race- 

 contact. Verily, example is greater than mere precept, and by 

 force of concrete example, by familiarity with flagrant violations 

 of tribalism when working for the white man, violations that 

 somehow did not seem to bring any special expressions of the 

 displeasure of the spirits of the ancestors, they have surely and 

 steadily come to loose faith in their ancient beliefs and sui)er- 

 stitions, and the bonds of tribalism dissolving, they have ventured 

 more and more upon individualistic lines, and reaping the 

 rewards of individual effort, are daily being tempted further and 

 further afield. This is abundantly manifested when we compare 

 the Transkei of to-day with the insulated Transkei of even 

 twenty years ago, and the change noted is, after all, but the 

 earnest and promise of far greater developments in the futur-:^. 



6. The Economic Factor. 



From what has already been said it will be realised that the 

 economic factor also has been operating steadily in indirect ways 

 to bring about many of the changes to which reference has been 

 made, and we now propose to give attention to some of the 

 more direct effects. 



