244 INSECT ENEMIES OF THE CODLING MOTH. 



egg before going to another. Occasionally the parasite would 

 rest a few minutes after an insertion, before beginning work 

 again. After the fourth insertion in egg 17 the parasite left the 

 egg, walked around about a minute, apparently looking for 

 another egg, and then returned and attempted for a few seconds 

 to insert the ovipositor again, but failed. Between each insertion 

 the insect wafl<ed over the egg, feeling around the whole margin 

 with her antennae as if she were turning on a pivot. She often 

 attempted to insert the ovipositor and failed, after which she 

 would feel around the margin again with the distal segment of 

 her antennae. After a seventh insertion in egg 17 she went 

 directly to egg 16, inserted the ovipositor seven times in this egg, 

 and then proceeded to egg 18, and afterwards to eggs 19, 9, 3, i, 

 21, 2, 4, and 12 in succession. The later ovipositions apparentlv 

 required more time than the earlier ones. Other observations 

 revealed that the parasite would sometimes leave one egg, insert 

 the ovipositor in another, and then return to the former and 

 insert again, apparently not being aware of the fact that the 

 egg was previously parasitized by oviposition. However, the 

 parasite generally proceeded very methodically from one egg to 

 another, as if her primary object in life were to parasitize as 

 expeditiously as possible a maximum number of codling eggs 

 for the benefit of the fruit grower. 



Results show that the codling eggs penetrated the greatest 

 number of times by a parasite's ovipositor produce the most 

 parasites. PolyemlDryony evidently does not exist. 



Parasittzation of Codling Moth Eggs. — A summary of 

 Table 2, containing records of the number of eggs parasitized 

 by individual female parasites, enclosed in a test tube with a 

 definite number of freshly laid codling eggs, shows that one 

 female T. lutca will parasitize as many as 18 codling eggs.. The 

 greatest number of parasites emerging from a codling egg was 

 7. The greatest number of j^rogeny of the first generation aris- 

 ing from a single female adult parasite was 41 individuals, the 

 life-cycle of which may be as short as 9 days. 



To determine how many parasites will emerge from a para- 

 sitized egg under field conditions, 20 parasitized codling eggs 

 were collected at random through the orchard. It was subse- 

 quently found that as many as six parasites may emerge from a 

 single codling egg in the orchard. It was found by microscopic 

 examination that sometimes parasites will fail to emerge from 

 the codling egg ; they sometimes die as pupae in the codling egg. 

 while others fail to 'break the egg-shell of their host and there- 

 fore die of starvation. 



Table 3 records parasitization observations of 6.664 codling 

 moth eggs exposed on trees in the Elsenburg orchard during 

 the summer of 191 5-16. Codling moths emerging from the 

 flower pots of the breeding room were enclosed in muslin on 

 the branches of a Kiefifer pear tree at intervals through the 



