300 FLOkA ()]■■ I'()k'lL'(;UESK HAST AFRICA. 



Cashew, the 'Janiarind, and the Kai)ok {Eriudciidroii and 

 *t->ouibax): Ziayphns jitjitba and Z. mncrunata are botli fre- 

 quent; pahns are scarce. Init inchide one species each of 

 Phccuix. Rapliia. /-lorassiis and Hyplueiic, Ijesides the exotic 

 Cocoa-nut; ferns are ahnost absent except Plaiy cerium; 

 epiphytal ( )rchids are scarce, and Lih'aceae represented only by 

 a few species of Aloes, including' the tree form, A. Bainesii, 

 and by J^raccciui rcfJc.va, an ornamental tree. Rubber is 

 obtained throughout these forests from Landolphia species 

 also from a small tree — Mascarcnhasia elastica. 



E.vccc curia afi'ic(i)ia (sandalwood) occurs gregariously; Adiiia 

 and ArtucarpHs are common along streams; Pandaiuis Liz'i)ig- 

 sto)iianus is abundant as a tall slender tree in swampy streams, 

 and a small Bamboo occurs. 



On a few wet, sour, sandv flats one bush species of Erica 

 is gregarious, and two Protccc and Eugenia cordata and E. 

 Guineeiisis occur along" with Cyperacese and swamp grasses. 



Herbaceous and annual plants are few and inconspicuous, 

 and the whole flora is rather that of a semi-arid than of a moist 

 tropical nature, (hi a few rocky kopjes succulent Eupliorbicc 

 ancl Crassuhc apjjear. including the large tree Eupliorhia. com- 

 mon in Xatal. 



\'II. Zami'.fsiax Rkgiox. 



Xot having visited the Tete District. I am unable to describe 

 the flora there, but records show that, in addition to many of 

 the species mentioned under the last region, there are several 

 features including" a greater abundance of Acacias and grasses, 

 and the presence of such trees as Kirkia acuminata, Hitceria 

 edulis. Parinarium inahola. Casearca gladiitormis. Diosp\'ros 

 (several s{)ecies). I it ex species, etc. 



A'lII. Tropical AIouxtaix Regiox. 



This also I was unable to visit, but Whyte's collection on 

 Milanje. Kirk's on Morambala. and others in Nyasa show 

 that altitude eliminates many of the low-countrv forms and 

 introduces instead a temperate flora, of which ]]'iddringtonia 

 Whytei and [/'. Malio)ii are types. 



With the exception of the tidal-mud region these various 

 regions overlap considerably, and probably further acquaint- 

 ance will emphasise this, or show that there are a large number 

 of species more or less distributed through all. and through 

 adjoining" regions, though more abundant in some one than in 

 others. 



Some of the most widely-distributed plants are doubtfully 

 indigenous; among these are the Mango, the Cashew, the 

 Tamarind, the Kapok, the Cocoa-nut. the Cotton plant, the 

 Pine-apple. Urcna lobata. Hibiscus cannabinus, H. Subdariffa, 

 Bixa Orcllana, Ricinus, and even the Borassus Palm. 



The early Portuguese occupation of the ports may have led 

 to the introduction of some of these long ago, and slave-raid- 

 ing may have aided their distribution afterwards, Avhile the 

 subsequent abandonment of native gardens and villages in 

 favour of new sites mav account for some of these trees beins" 



