WEIGHTS AND MEASURES FOR SOUTH AFRICA. 3I9 



Conversion : — The avoirdupois or customary ounce contains 

 437i grains, whilst the troy ounce contains 

 480 grains. 



I troy ounce = 31" 1035 grams. 

 In weighing precious stones the carat is used, 

 I carat = 0*2054 grams. 

 N.B. — On the Rand pennyweights and decimals of same are 

 used; thus an ore is said to contain 5*64 dwts. of gold 

 per ton. 



Apothecaries WeigJit. 

 These weights have no statutory force in South Africa and 

 are probably unlawful. 



Tcniperatitrcs. 



Centigrade Fahrenheit 



Freezing Point 0° 32° 



Blood Heat 36'9 98-4 



Boiling Point at sea-level 100 212 



Conversion: — (a) Multiply the Centigrade figures by i'8 and 

 add 32 to the result. 



{b) Subtract 32 from the Fahrenheit figures 

 and divide the result by i'8. 



N.B. — The Metric System is counted in theory by tens, but 

 in practice by thousands. The original scheme was as 

 follows : — 



Milli- unit = 1/1000 of unity. 



Centi- ,, =1/100 ,, 



Deci- ,, =1/10 ,, 



Unit = unit. 



Deca- ,, =10 units. 



Hecto- ,, =100 ,, 



Kilo- ,, =1000 ,, 



Myria ,, =10000 ,, 

 Of these, deci-, deca-. and myria- are already obsolete in 

 countries using the Metric System, and there is no 

 reason why the mind should be burdened with them. 



I centimetre = 10 millimetres. 

 I hectolitre = 100 litres. 

 etc., etc. 

 To these the micr;.(n) = i/i,ooo,oooth has been added. It is 

 represented by fi for length, \ for capacity and 7 for 

 weitrht. 



GEOLOGY AND ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE ORANGE 

 FREE STATE. — In a recently published and well illustrated quarto 

 volume of "Geological and Archaeological Notes on Orangia,"' 

 J. P. Johnson deals with what is known regarding the 

 stratigraphy of that Province, and discusses diamondiferous 

 dykes and pipes. In the archaeological references stone 

 implements of Acheulean and Solutrean types are illustrated, as 

 well as aboriginal rock paintings. 



