lu'liiiKxlerina II: Crinoidea. 317 



.1. (h'ihenii is at prosent only known from the type, from Rio Janeiro, 

 aud from a specimen from St. Thomas (^4. antillensis Lütken, MS.) in the 

 Copenhagen musoum wliicli rosomble.s the type very closely. Verrill's 

 record of this t^peeies from Jirazil, aud the specimen from the „Challenger" 

 eoUection taken at Bahia, whieh was deseribed and ligured by Caepenter, 

 are both young Tropiometra picta. 



A. hupfen is only known with eertainty from the type in the Ham- 

 burg uuiseum, aud the identitication of Greeff's specimens from Rolas 

 with it rests solely on the ground of maximum probability, as I have seen 

 none from thie region. I formerly identihed with A. hupferi a number of 

 specimens from Goree in Senegal which I found in various museums, 

 but a prolonged study of the Information available, and of my notes 

 on the largest of them (they are all small), has induced me to consider 

 them rather as representing ^4. moroccana. It is quite possible that A. moroc- 

 cana will eventually turn out to be only the fully developed form of 

 A. hupferi, though the two appear to be distinct enough at present; and 

 it is further possible that A. dühenii may be found to be the same as 

 A. moroccana, though as w^e know them now each seems to be distinctive. 



The correlation and exposition of the specilic characters within the 

 genus Antedon appear to be far more than is usually the case the direct 

 result of the influence of the environment, so that the several species are 

 to a considerable extent merely indiees of the oceanographic conditions 

 obtaining in their habitat. 



Outside of the records published by the present author, the foUo- 

 wing excerps present our entire knowledge of the littoral crinoid fauna 

 of west Africa. 



Carpenter says: Antedon rosacea has been deseribed by Greeff as 

 occurring at the Canary Islands and even at the Equatorial Island of 

 Rolas, in the Gulf of Guinea. But the question whether the forms meution- 

 ed by him are identical with the North British variety whieh goes by 

 the same name, is one which cannot be definitely decided without a care- 

 ful comparison of the individuals in question and of others from inter- 

 mediate localities. 



Carpenter, under the heading of „Antedon dühenv' , writes : The ori- 

 ginal of this species was obtained at Rio Janeh-o, and another example 

 was dredged by the ,, Challenger" at Bahia. Some specimens from Ma- 

 deira, kindly given to me by Professor Loven, prove to belong to the 

 same type ; and Mr. Johnson has sent me others ,,from deep water, at- 

 tached to corals and masses of Ostraea shells", in the same locality. Greeff's 



