CHEMICAL THEORY OF SOLUTIONS. PART I. O 



caused by the physical factors are in general not so great that 

 the deviations called forth by considerable chemical changes be- 

 come entirely indistinguishable. At any rate we may deduce 

 various types of homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria by 

 assuming various chemical reactions in the solution, and compare 

 them with observed cases. Exact numerical agreement is of 

 course not to be looked for, but more or less close approximation 

 should be found in many cases, especially when the components 

 are not of a too divergent nature. 



When the chemical theory has been worked out to a certain 

 extent and established on the sure foundation of observation, it 

 will be time to take the physical factors into consideration and 

 construct a more complete theory of solution. 



CHAPTER I. 



The Ideal Solution. 



§ 1. The General Nature of the Ideal Solution. 



The behaviour of the ideal solution in various relations must 

 be investigated in the first place because it forms the foundation 

 of the present study. By the ideal solution is meant a homo- 

 geneous liquid mixture in which the following two conditions 

 are fulfilled : 



1. The volume of the solution is the sum of the volumes 

 of the components (in the liquid state) under the same 

 pressure and at the same temperature. 



