NOTES ON' THE EAST COAST HANTU OF EIGHTY YEARS AGO. 89 



They were not very clearly distinguished from the Umdwan- 

 dise of Manukosi, who were also called A-Ngoni or Ba-Xgoni. 

 This tribe is. however, better known as Ma-Shongana or " Child- 

 ren of Soshongana," i.e.. Manukosi — hence " Shangaans." 



There seems altogether to have been much confusion in 

 this nomenclature of the various tribes. The Ma-Shongana or 

 Mtsyangana of Manukosi and the Hlangenu or Ma-Hlangana 

 (also known as Ma-Gwamba and Knobnoses) are often both 

 called Shangaans. 



The End'wandwe were known to Arbousset under the name 

 of "Atoantoas " ("Antwantwa," Sechuana pronunciation), who 

 in the time of Dingaan, '* when they were under Mawewe the 

 son of Manukosi " (i.e., when Manukosi and Sogundaba were 

 in alliance), spoke a dialect related to the Zulu, but sufficiently 

 different to render themselves ridiculed at the Great Place at 

 Univoti as " Maguelega " or stutterers. 



///. Landccns. 



On the mainland opposite the Bazaruta Islands — i.e., about 



fifteen miles south of the Sabi River — Captain Owen met some 



' Lindeens " or " Landeens," 



" a new nation from the interior who had completely exterminated all the old 

 inhabitants of the sea-coast between Sofala and Inhambane, whose habits were 

 so savage that unarmed traders of the Portuguese seldom visited them. The 

 name of the old chief was Na Ma"ssengoe, and the language a mixture of Delagoa, 

 Inhambane and IMajowjie '' 



The "Majowjie" (A-Jawa or Wa-Yao) and the " Mak- 

 wanos " (Ma-Kua) were the two tribes round Mozambique best 

 known to the Portuguese in those days when the Zulus had not 

 reached the Zambesi, and Umsila and Gungunyama had not yet 

 established themselves in Gazaland. It is quite clear, however, 

 that the Landeens were neither Ajawa nor Makua; although there 

 is some question as to what tribe the term " Landeen " was 

 originally applied. M. Junod in his " Grammaire Ronga." states 

 that 



"the anonymous author of the description of the Bay of Louren(;o Marques has 

 pointed out that '.All negroes are Landiiis I' But \ he adds] we can scarcely follow 

 him implicitly in his ethnographical determinations, for he adds ' all the inhabi- 

 tants of these countries are Hottentots and have no religion " — two aftirmations 

 which are quite erroneous." 



But this unknown authority is to some extent borne out in 

 the fonner assertion by the fact that (as we have already seen) 

 the term " Orentonts " or " Hollontontes " was given to the 

 Zulus, probably because they were supposed to have come from 

 the Hottentot country ; and doubtless the term " Landin " was 

 extended to the Tonga tribes after the time of Captain Owen's 

 visit to the Sabi in the same loose way. M. Junod continues : — 



" The term ' Landin ' was applied to the language spoken by the (Tonga ?j 

 tribe by the notary Rosario in a document dated 2nd April, 1805." 



To this we may add that in the Statement of Case submitted by 

 the I'ortuguese Government to the Delagoa Bav Arbitration 



