90 NOTES ON THE EAST COAST I'.ANTU OF EIGHTV YEARS AGO. 



Court, we find also that jMayete Kapell is cited as styling him- 

 self and his people as " Landins."* 



"Actually [proceeds M. JunodJ, it seems that the Portuguese geographers 

 designated under this name the Tonga tribe to the exclusion of all others." 



And he quotes in support M. C. Xavier's map in the Bulletin 

 de la Societe de Geographic de Lisbonne : — 



" The epithet ' landin ' is applied to all the Tonga clans except the Hlengu 

 and Maputai" 



"Whence conies this term? [asks M- Junod-] In spite of our re- 

 searches, we have not been able to discover the origin. It has not been 

 borrowed from the natives, and appears to have oriorinally meant natiz'c 

 or black- The Ronga around Lourenqo Marques still employ it in this 

 general sense, they apply it to all natives without distinction." 



A similar idea appears also to have occurred to Captain 

 Owen, who adopted the view that it is a corruption of " L'Indien " 

 (" Indian"), only to reject it on second and better thoughts. 



M. Junod concludes: — 



" It is said that the natives on the Zambesi delta are also called 

 ' Landins ' by the Portuguese. It is difficult to adopt this term, there- 

 fore, the more so since it is totally unknown in the interior, being 

 scarcely known except in the neighbourhood of the town." 



One naturally feels some hesitation in atacking a problem 

 which so great an authority as M. Junod finds a difficult one; 

 yet the answer to the question : " D'ou vient ce terme ?" does not 

 seem far to seek. 



Like the word " Hollentont." the term " Landin ' 'has prob- 

 ably been loosely, carelessly and erroneously applied to all the 

 Tonga tribes, and even to all the East Coast Bantti, Abannbo, 

 etc., not excepting the Zulti ; but at an earlier date these tribes, 

 as well as the southern Tonga, stich as the Hlengwe (Hlengu) 

 and Maputa, were not called Landeen — i.e., the name was re- 

 stricted to the Ama-Tonga north of Delagoa Bay, especially to 

 the Ma-Gwamba and Ama-Hlangenu or Ama-Hlangana. and at 

 an even earlier date was confined to the inhabitants of the Sabi 

 basin and the Zambesi delta. But these tribes, as M. Junod 

 himself has shown, probably descended from the Ba-Loyi or 

 Ba-Rotse and the Ba-Lunda or Ba-Londa, who in Livingstone's 

 time lived in the country " named Londa, Londa or Lui by the 

 Portuguese," I now the kingdom of Lewanika, and who on 

 reaching the coast would be the " new nation from the interior " 

 referred to by Owen. According to Coillard. the Barotse them- 

 selves say they came. from the East, and claim kinship with the 

 Ba-Nyai. J However this may be, if we grant that the noi'thern 

 .Ama-Tonga had a mixture of Londa blood or bore the Londa 

 name and held its traditions, then they would naturally be called 

 by the Portuguese of the early nineteenth centtiry " Londinos " 

 or " Landinos," just in the same way that the Ba-Bihe or car- 



* " Records of South-East Africa ' vol. ix, p. 135. 



t ■■ Missionary Travels," page 306. 



+ " Threshold of Central Africa," page 234. 



