A REVIEW OF THE VOLUTIDAE 



21 



narrow axial ribs, fifteen to sixteen on 

 last whorl, but extending only about half 

 Its length; columella, outwardly recurved, 

 with a single spiral plait. 



Pulgoraria fulmlnata fulminata (Sowerby) 

 (Plate 10, Figure 76) 



Valuta rupestris Gmelln, Syst. Nat., p. 



3464, 1788. Reeve: Conch. Icon,, plate 

 6, fig, 14, 1849. Tryon: Man. Conch., 

 vol. 4, p. 85, plate 24, fig, 42, 



Valuta fulminata Sowerby, Thes. Conch., 

 vol. 1, p. 209, plate 50, figs. 51-53. 



Alt. 85 mm. 



Hab. China; Japan. 



Nucleus bulbous, consisting of one 

 ^nd one-half whorls; post-nuclear whorls, 

 three; suture undulating; sculpture consist- 

 ing of numerous, incised, broken, spiral 

 lines upon early whorl and spire, more wide- 

 ly separated anteriorly upon body-whorl, 

 their terminations forming crenulated mar- 

 gin upon thickened labrum; longitudinal 

 ribs extending from suture to suture upon 

 spire and at periphery upon first two-thirds 

 of body-whorl; columella with seven plaits, 

 stronger anteriorly; Ground, flesh color, 

 overlaid with a pattern of irregular light 

 chocolate colored streaks; interior light 

 flesh color. 



Gmelin's work not now being recog- 

 nized the less familiar name fulminata will 

 have to be used instead. 



Pulgoraria fulminata hamillel (Crosse) I869 

 (Plate 10, Figure 80) 



Valuta hamillei Crosse: J. de C, vol. 17, 

 p. 278, 1869; also vol. 18, p. 97, plate 

 1, fig. 5 and plate 2, fig. 1, I869. 

 Tryoni Man. Conch., vol. 4, p. 85, 

 plate 24, fig. 4l. 



Alt. 150 mm. 



Hab. Japan. 



Shell, almost smooth, has more prom- 

 inent zig-zag stripes and lacks the promi- 

 nent spiral striae of V. fulminata fulminata. 



Lischke in his work on the Japanese 

 Mollusca considered this to be a large, yet 

 immature specimen of V. fulminata fulminata. 



Pulgoraria hirasei (Sowerby) 1912 

 (Plate 10, Figure 78) 



Valuta hirasei Sowerby, Ann. Mag. Nat. 



Hist,, (8) vol. 9, p. 471, fig. 1, 1912. 



Alt. 82 mm. 



Hab. Japan. 



Nucleus consisting of one and one- 

 half, possibly two whorls; post-nuclear 

 whorls four; suture, well impressed; sculp- 

 ture consisting of a net-work of longitudi- 

 nal and spiral raised lines, with, in addi- 

 tion, numerous, low, narrow longitudinal 

 ribs, fading out anteriorly upon body-whorl; 

 about sixteen ribs upon penultimate whorl; 

 outer lip thin, minutely crenulated; col- 

 umella with two or three very feeble plaits; 

 exterior surface dull, flesh color, ribs 

 slightly lighter; interior dark flesh color. 



This is probably the most beautiful 

 species in the genus. It is easily dis- 

 tinguished by the uniform light reddish- 

 brown color and prominent spiral strla- 

 tions. 



Pulgoraria megaspira megaspira 

 (Sowerby) 1844 

 (Plate 10, Figure 79) 



Valuta meiasplra Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 London., vol, 12, p. I50, 1844; Thes, 

 Conch,, vol, 1, p, 208, plate 48, figs, 

 31, 32, 1845, Tryon: Man, Conch., vol. 

 4, p. 95, plate 28, fig. 102. 



Alt. 150 to 175 mm. 



Hab . Japan . 



Nucleus consisting of two whorls; 

 post-nuclear whorls four; suture impressed 

 and bordered posteriorly by a paler rib- 

 less zone, which in turn bears oblique 

 growth sculpture; sculpture consisting of 

 spiral striae which extends over the spire 

 and upon body-whorl, mostly posteriorly; 

 longitudinal ribs well rounded, about 



