ACOUSTICAL INVESTIGATION OF TJIE JAPANESE BAMBOO Pin:. 11 



where R is the sectional radius of the ])ii)e. Lord Rayleigli^' 

 pointed out that the greater part of it is (hie to the einboucliure. 

 As far as 1 am aware, there has been no further experimental 

 investigation with respect lo the details of the relations between 

 the dimension of the embouchure and the correction due to it. 



In the case of the sj/akuhati, the mouth opening is very 

 narrow, being an arcular passage between the lip and the sharp- 

 ened edge of the embouchure, so that the correction of the 

 length due to the embouchure may be expected to be very great. 

 As may be seen later, it is in some cases ten times the sectional 

 area of the pipe. 



To study the effect of the embouchure directly on the 

 Sf/akuhali, is not very easy, 1) because the determination of the 

 area of the irregular mouth-opening between the lip and the 

 edge, is difficult ; the more so, since the area is varied seriously 

 by a slight motion of the lip ; 2) because the ettect of the lateral 

 oj)eniiigs interferes with that of the embouchure if we wish to 

 examine the cases for various notes. I sought, therefore, for a 

 simple form of resonator which was similar to the syakuhatl in 

 the essentia] form of the embouchure and which enabled me to 

 study tlie etî'ect of the embouchure only, iree from the complica- 

 tions due to the lateial openings. The exi^eriment made for this 

 purpose was as follows. 



A glass pipe witli a fairly uniform inner diameter of o.9'3 

 cm. and a thickness of -.7 mm., was iixed vertically. The upper, 

 open ejul was polished carefully, while the the lower end was 

 stopped with a cork, through a hole in which a small glass tube 

 was inserted. Through this small tube, water was introduced 



J) i;aylui-li. riiil. Mm-,', ^o), :!, 4(L'. 1877. 



