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CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON. 



last trials ; others had to be ordered back. But the association with the light 

 signal was not clearly formed in any case, although the trials were continued 

 for over 2 months. 



A second type of signal has been used. A common electric buzzer was 

 placed close to each door, Sl and Sr. No attempt was made to have these even 

 approximately similar in sound. Although a tendency to turn away from the 

 buzzers appeared at first, it was only a short time before the association was 

 started in most cases. Without presenting any exact data, it seems clear 

 from the above that these dachshunds respond to sound more readily than to 

 light signals. 



Diagram of the association ap- 

 paratus. The kennels arc arranged 

 so the dogs can be released and ap- 

 proach the apparatus in the house 

 without seeing the operator. Dot- 

 ted lines represent doors; O, obser- 

 vers' closet, from which all doors 

 are operated; M, entrance to ap- 

 paratus; Pl and Pr, punishment 

 doors normally raised ; L and R, 

 boards making electric contacts when 

 touched to give a signal in O for 

 opening the doors Sl or Sr which 

 lead into the food compartments; El 

 and Er exit doors. The problem con- 

 Fists in learning to turn at the end of 

 the middle alky towards a signal 

 which ib given at random on the 

 right or left side. Light and sound 

 signals have been used. 



HOUSE 



YARD 



A second litter from the same mother (ex Cocoa by Prince) and one pup from 

 a different mother and the same father (ex Betty by Prince) have been intro- 

 duced to this apparatus. These dogs have been under the charge of Mr, 

 Snyder during the summer. Their father. Prince, is an exceedingly sensitive 

 dog, seemingly timid and with little aggression. For a week the attempt was 

 continued to get him to go through the apparatus, but in this time he showed 

 no signs of modifying his fear of the apparatus or of the movement of the 

 doors. He is an older dog and his necessarily different experiences in life 

 keep him from being directly comparable with the first set trained, so the 

 behavior of his offspring is of especial interest in interpreting his reactions. 

 The preliminary training of accustoming these pups to go to the house for 

 food went along successfully, but just as soon as the doors of the apparatus 

 were moved and the buzz signal was given, they were all much bothered. Not 



